Grade: 11-12, anatomy and physiology

Time Frame: One week, 90 minute classes

Goal:

• Students will be able to describe the different types of muscular tissue.
• Students will identify various muscles of the human body and describe their functions, origins, and insertions.
• Students will explain the mechanism of muscle contraction

Overview:

Materials: computers with internet access; anatomy and physiology text; posters or models of muscles

Invitation:

To determine students' prior knowledge of the muscular system, students will choose one of the following activities:

1. Examine the concept map done by middle school students. Write explanations explaining how they linked each concept together.

   http://www.maxwellms.org/teachers/kaigler/Anatomy/Kaigmusc.htm

    

2. Take this on-line quiz about the muscular system. Submit it for grading after completion.

   http://www.bournemouthandpoole-cfe.ac.uk/splash/anatomy/multieg.htm

Exploration:

Students will examine the sites below to learn about each section of the unit.

1. General information about the muscle system and muscle cell types: Choose at least one of the sites listed.

   http://mogul.ahs.aspen.k12.co.us/tferro/muscular/muscular.system.html

   http://www.mmcinc.com/HumanBody/HBMuscle1.htm

   http://umbc7.umbc.edu/~farabaug/sokolo2.html

   http://scrtec.or.g/track/tracks/f01320.html (information about muscular system)

   http://scrtec.org/track/tracks/f01320.html (information about muscle types)

2. Learn about muscle physiology and the mechanism of contraction by viewing the following videos.

   http://www.xavier.sa.edu.au/science/webpages/year9/9xhumbod/skeleton.htm

   http://www.innerbody.com/anim/arm.html (Notice the picture of the sarcomere)

3. Visit one or more of the following sites to study muscle anatomy.

http://www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html

Click on the picture of the muscular system. Follow directions in the upper right hand frame about the icons on the pictures to learn more information about the individual muscles.

http://www.lavertonsc.vic.edu.au/H&PE/muscles/muscular.htm

Use this on line quiz as a guide through the innerbody site (print if necessary).

http://www.ama-assn.org/insight/gen_hlth/atlas/atlas.htm

Visit muscle sites (listed below) to study names and positions of various muscle groups, as well as to review information about the function of each.

The Muscles - Back View
The Muscles - Back View (Functions)
The Muscles - Front View
The Muscles - Front View (Functions)
The Muscles - Side View

http://www.lasallehs.org/courses/science/anatomy/html/body_muscular_system.html

View this clickable body map of a cartoon man to study individual muscles.

http://www.ptcentral.com/muscles/index.html#muscles

This site provides a clickable body map and extensive information about functions, origins and insertions, and blood and nerve supply of muscles.

Explanation:

Students will choose one of the following options to illustrate what they have learned. They may work in pairs or small groups. Students will present their projects to the class.

• Build a system of levers that illustrates the different kinds of muscle movements. (Use the web site listed to examine the different types of levers.)

  http://www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html

• Create a three dimensional model of a sarcomere. The model should demonstrate contraction, showing the change in size of A bands and I bands.
• Choose a region of the body and build a model of the muscles that identifies the superficial and deep muscles of the region. (For example, use a Halloween skeleton model and make muscle layers out of different colored tissue paper.)

Take Action:

Students will explore one of following sites to apply the knowledge gained during this unit.

• Examine how the skeletal and muscular systems work together in exercise.

  http://scrtec.org/track/tracks/f01320.html

   

• Case study (botulism)

  http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/holeessentials/student/olc/chap09casestudies.html