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Past
Time Frame: A Lesson Plan in 7 Stages
by
Trikera Flagg & Mustafa Elsawy
We synthesized your
ideas and suggestions and incorporated them in this plan. So, we
are eager to read
your comments on the job we've done and to see if you have any suggestions
that would make it more efficient.
The
Seven Stages for the Plan
Stage
1 |
Presenting
the regular past tense
We will display on
the OHP a table (1.1) containing 2 columns. In the first column,
will be the heading EVERYDAY and beneath this will be example sentences
using present tense verbs (ex. I
walk to school.).
In the second column, will be the heading YESTERDAY and beneath this will
be sentences using past tense verbs (ex. I walked to school.). We
will circle or underline the verbs in each of the sentences and ask
the students to tell the differences in form (we assume that they
will realize that the verb in the second column has -ed). The verbs
in the sentences in the first column will require the different allomorphs
in the past /t/, /d/,
and schwa /d/.
Then we will ask the students about the difference in meaning in each pair
of sentences. The teacher will present the past tense explaining
that it is something that has already occurred or is finished. We
will explain the different allomorphs of the past tense -ed.
Afterwards, we will
distribute a worksheet containing a table with 3 columns with the headings
/t/, /d/, and schwa /d/. Below the table there will be a list of
15-20 regular verbs. We are going to ask the students to put these verbs
in the past tense and then put each verb in the right column.
As a practice activity, we will give the students another table similar
to the first table (1.1) using EVERYDAY and YESTERDAY. But this time
the table will have sentences only in the first column and they will have
to rewrite the sentences in the second column making them past tense.

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| Stage
2 |
Presenting
the irregular past tense
Now we will present
the students with another table similar to 1.1 on the OHP but this time
we will use irregular verbs instead. We will ask the students about
the differences between the
past tense verbs in
this table (table 2.1) and those in table 1.1. (They don't follow the same
pattern as the regular past tense verbs). We will explain that these
verbs are called irregular verbs and that they will have to memorize most
of them in order to familiarize themselves with them.
At this point we will
incorporate the crossword puzzles. We will pair the students up and
assign the clues from page 61 to the puzzle on page 60. For example, one
of the two students in the group will find the responses to the Across
Clues and the other will find the Down Clues. They will collaborate
to check the answers in completing the entire puzzle. The puzzle
on page 62 will be completed for homework. We will check and
correct page 62 as a class.
We will go through
the discussion questions from page 63 with the whole class. The students
will be asked to complete the activity individually and when the are finished,
they will pair up to compare answers. Afterwards, as a class we will
discuss all the answers. Exercises F and G will be assigned for homework.
At the beginning of the next class session the teacher will quickly review
the answers to F and G with the whole class. We will discuss activity I
on page 66 with the whole class (each student is going to say something
about what s/he did yesterday) and then we will have them do activity H
in class. After this the students will exchange their paragraphs to make
sure that all the past tense verbs are correct.
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| Stage
3 |
Presenting
the Past perfect
We will present the
students with someone's daily schedule (a movie star or any famous person).
It will be in the form of a two column table with the time of the day in
the first column and the activity the person did in the second column.
(e.g.. 8:00 am: ate breakfast, 8:30: drove to work). Below the table there
will be sentences like (he had eaten breakfast before he drove to work).
We will ask the students to look at the table and decide what happened
first and what happened next. Then we will ask the students to try to induce
the rule behind the examples.
Then we will explain
the past perfect and tell the students that we use the past perfect to
express that something happened before something else (past simple) in
the past. (We will base our explanation on the presentation of the
past perfect from
page 67.)
For further practice,
we are going to ask the students to work in pairs deciding what happened
first and what happened next in the sentences in activity A. After that
we will do a variation of activity B which will be like the following:
the students are going to work in groups of five. Each group member will
be given a card that has two actions on it. The student will have to mime
the two actions and the rest of the group will have to decide what
the actions are and
what the order of these actions is (We will prompt them to use the same
structures in activity A), e.g., he had done his homework before he watched
TV.
After that the students
are going to do activity D individually, and when they finish they are
going to pair up and compare their answers with their peers. After that
we will go over the answers as a whole class discussion.
We will assign activity
E for homework (the answers will be checked quickly in the beginning of
the next session).
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| Stage
4 |
Presenting
the past progressive
The teacher will choose
3 students to step outside the classroom. S/he will
ask them to do particular
things as the teacher is doing something else. For example, "I want you
to turn off the light while I'm writing on the board". After the
students perform the actions assigned to them, the teacher will show the
whole class a slide with sentences describing what just happened. For example,
Xin turned off the light as I was writing on the board. Then we will ask
the students to try to induce the rule behind the examples. After that
we will ask the students to have a look at the explanation of the past
progressive on page 71. After we make sure they understand the form and
use of the past progressive, we will have them do activity A orally as
a whole class (they can add different endings to each sentence)
After that the students
are going to do activity C (page 72) individually, and when they finish
they are going to pair up and compare their answers with their peers. After
that we will go over the answers as a whole class
discussion. We will
assign activity B as homework.
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| Stage
5 |
Time
expressions referring to the past
The teacher will ask
the students to read the sentences in activity A on page 74 and underline
any time expressions referring to the past time. Then we are going to ask
them to look at the chart on pages 73 -74 and we will discuss the examples
as a whole class.
After that the students
are going to do activity B (page 74) individually, and when they finish
they are going to pair up and compare their answers with their peers. After
that we will go quickly over the answers as a whole class
discussion.
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| Stage
6 |
Presenting the
present perfect
We are going to present
the students with the following dialogue: (From the lecture on chapter
4)
Maria:
Have you ever taken a sociology course?
Martha: No, I
haven't. Not yet.
Maria: What about anthropology?
Have you ever taken any of
their courses?
Martha: Yep.
Last summer, I took the graduate courses on health practices around the
world.
We are going to ask the
students: "What do you think is the time frame of the events that Maria
and Martha are talking about?" (We expect them to understand that they
are talking about the past) Then we are going to ask them why the verb
form in line one differs from that in line four. We'll
then explain that
the present perfect was used in the first sentence because there was no
specification of time, whereas in the last line there is time specification
(last summer).
After that we will
discuss the presentation of the present perfect and its uses (pages 75-76)
with the students. After we make sure they understand the different uses
of the present perfect we are going to ask them to think of
examples similar to
those in the book. Then we are going to present the time expressions with
the present perfect. Then we are going to ask the students to interview
each other (in pairs) asking questions like: Have you ever been in a
survival course? Have
you taken the GMAT yet? Then we are going to ask them to find another partner
and tell him about the one they just interviewed.
After that the students
are going to do activity A (page 76) individually, and when they finish
they are going to pair up and compare their answers with their peers. After
that we will go quickly over the answers as a whole class
discussion.
After that we will
discuss activity D p. 78 with the whole class. Volunteer students are supposed
to provide the correct answers and explain why to the rest of the class.
Then we will assign activity E as homework, After that the
students are going
to do activity F (page 78-79) individually, and when they finish they are
going to pair up and compare their answers with their peers. After that
we will go quickly over the answers as a whole class discussion. |
| Stage
7 |
General
activities on the past time frame
Activity D (p.84-85):
We are going to divide the students into five groups. Each group will be
assigned one of five the mini biographies. They will have to read the mini
biography and each of them will have to come up with one
question about the
biography. Then they will exchange their questions with another group and
answer the other group's questions (about a different biography).
Activity E (p.86-87):
We will divide the class into five groups, copy each of the five paragraphs
in this activity on a separate slide and give it to one of the groups.
Each group will discuss the answers and then complete the
paragraph. When the
students finish, one student from each group is going to represent his
group displaying the slide on the OHP and explaining the answers to the
whole class.
Communicative production
practice:
We will ask each student
to write one small paragraph (similar to those in activity D) about a famous
person from his home country. They will have to mention something about
that person's life and why they think s/he is important. After the students
finish each one is going to exchange his composition with another peer
and get feedback on the verb forms used in the passage.
HW:
Activities I &
J
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