Course Descriptions

Because computers are an integral part of business decision-making, courses in the College of Business Administration frequently incorporate assignments that require computing skills. Although students can expect to enhance their computing skills as they work toward their degrees, the college expects everyone to have certain basic skills before enrolling in the college. These computing skill prerequisites (CSPs) are listed below under the heading, Basic Microcomputing Skills (CSP 1)
     In addition to basic microcomputing skills, some courses may require advanced and more specialized computing skills. When that is the case, the required skills will be listed in the course description and identified by the CSP numbers shown below (CSPs 2-6).
 Students who are without either the required basic or advanced microcomputing skills are expected to acquire this knowledge through whatever means they deem most appropriate before they enter a course. The university's Wells Computer Center offers basic and intermediate classes regularly and has self-paced tutorials (404/651-2686). Instruction also is available through commercial training, printed and tutorial programs, including those furnished by software manufacturers. Georgia State's Division of Continuing Education offers courses an a periodic basis for a modest fee (404/651-3456).
 The college has not standardized on any word processing, spreadsheet, or database management package. For the purposes of acquiring computing skills, students may therefore use any application software they own or have access to so long as it supports the required computing skills. Students should be aware, however, that some courses may include assignments that are designed to run on specific software packages.
 The CSPs listed for a particular course are those that are commonly required for all sections of the course. Individual instructors may use additional CSPs in their classes by announcing the requirement on the syllabus and providing guidance for students as to how they can acquire the additional CSP knowledge.

CSP: 1. Basic Microcomputing Skills. Includes understanding of the PC and its components, turning on the PC, using command-oriented, windows-based, and LAN operating environments to accomplish basic tasks such as formatting floppy disks, creating and navigating through directory and subdirectory structures, creating and deleting files, copying and renaming files, using available help screens when needed, loading application software, exiting from application programs and operating environments in an orderly manner, and using appropriate measures to check for and prevent the spread of computer viruses.

CSP: 2. Basic Microcomputing Spreadsheet Skills. Loading the spreadsheet software; creating, organizing, and navigating through spreadsheets; formatting the entire spreadsheet or a specified block of cells; entering and editing formulas, values, and text; copying, moving, and protecting cells; inserting and deleting columns and rows; saving and retrieving files; and printing spreadsheets. Basic skills also include using financial, statistical, and mathematical functions such as totaling and averaging of rows and columns; creating and printing charts and graphs, creating data tables, invoking existing macros, and using available help screens when needed.

CSP: 3. Advanced Microcomputer Spreadsheet Skills. Using advanced spreadsheet features such as database commands and functions; creating macros; creating menu systems and developing customized applications.

CSP: 4. Basic Microcomputer Database Skills. Loading the database software, creating databases; entering and editing data; adding and deleting records; listing, querying, and generating reports using the database; using available help screens when needed.

CSP: 5. Advanced Microcomputer Database Skills. Linking databases through keys; creating input screen; developing customized applications.

CSP: 6. Word Processing Skills. Loading the word processing software; creating, formatting, editing, and saving documents; copying and moving text; adjusting margins, indents, and line spacing; adjunting fonts and styles; importation of tables and graphs from spreadsheet applications; using spell-checking, and using available help screens when needed.

NOTE: Course credit hours are shown in parentheses immediately following the course title. Courses are listed alphabetically by course prefix.

Accounting

Courses Equivalent to Prerequisites: The satisfactory completion of a course or courses equivalent in content to one stated as a prerequisite will fulfill that prerequisite.

Ac 801. Current Issues in Accounting. (5) Prerequisite: Bachelor's degree with a major in accounting or consent of a graduate adviser in the School of Accountancy. This is a study of contemporary issues in the practice of accounting. Subject matter will be selected for study from the accounting specializations of financial and auditing, managerial and cost, not-for-profit, and taxation. This course must be taken within the first twenty quarter hours of the M.P.A. program.

Ac 803. Seminar in Contemporary Financial Accounting. (5) Prerequisite: Ac 405, minimum grade of "C." This course involves reading, discussions, and reports on current accounting theory with emphasis on pronouncements by professional organizations and governmental agencies.

Ac 806. Financial Accounting in Governmental and Nonprofit Organizations. (5) Prerequisite: Ac 405, minimum grade of "C." This course provides an in-depth study of financial accounting principles and procedures for local and state governments, hospitals, colleges and universities, and the federal government.

Ac 807. Development of Accounting Thought. (5) Prerequisite: Ac 405, minimum grade of "C." This course involves a study of the origins and development to the present time of accounting theories and practices domestically and internationally in order to better understand the concepts and practices used in accounting.

Ac 809. International Accounting Practices. (5) Prerequisite: Ac 405, minimum grade of "C." This course is designed to offer a conceptual framework for analyzing national accounting practices as products of cultural pressures and constraints and to provide an exposure to the myriad accounting problems involved in international operations of all sorts and to the various methods employed to solve, circumvent, or prevent them. It thus encompasses the study of several different national accounting systems, the problems caused by these differences in practices for international operations, the organizations which have emerged to reconcile differences and to handle international accounting problems, and the prospects for their success.

Ac 813. Advanced Accounting Topics. (5) Prerequisite: Ac 405, minimum grade of "C." CSP: 1, 2, 3. A study of specialized accounting topics including accounting and reporting for business combinations, international accounting and foreign currency issues, partnership accounting and other topics.

Ac 821. Seminar in Managerial Ac-counting. (5) Prerequisite: Ac 421, minimum grade of "C." CSP: 1, 2. This is an advanced course in internal accounting with emphasis on accounting implications for management decision making.

Ac 831. Seminar in Accounting Information Systems. (5) Prerequisites: Ac 421, Ac 431, both with minimum grades of "C." CSP: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. This course reviews literary foundations and contemporary issues in accounting information systems. It also focuses attention on the management of the accounting function. Practical implications of accounting information systems design and implementation will be investigated through the use of cases and projects.

Ac 839. Directed Readings in Accounting. (1-5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor, good academic standing.

Ac 841. Seminar in Accounting Theory and Policy. (5) Prerequisite: Ac 405, minimum grade of "C." CSP: 1. This course provides an overview of accounting theory and policy with the aim of helping to increase students' understanding and analytical abilities in this complex area. Major elements of accounting theory are identified and related to significant problems in accounting. This type of analysis helps to establish an appreciation of the relationship between theory and policy.

Ac 844. Nonprofit Accounting and Control for Nonbusiness Students. (5) Prerequisite: none. This course is not available for credit for students in the College of Business Administration. This is a course for nonbusiness students that introduces the basic accounting model, fund accounting, and how accounting information is used in planning and controlling resources in the public sector.

Ac 853. Tax Issues in Decision Making. (5) Prerequisite: Ac 202, minimum grade of "C." CSP: 1, 2. This course is designed to develop a fundamental understanding of the federal income tax system emphasizing its relationship to the management function.

Ac 861. Seminar in Auditing. (5) Prerequisites: Ac 431, Ac 461, minimum grade of "C." CSP: 1, 2, 3, 4. This is an advanced study of auditing standards and procedures, the use of statistical and other quantitative techniques, and auditing electronic data processing installations. Other subject matter includes practice before the Securities and Exchange Commission, special reporting problems, current developments in auditing and law, and extensions of the attest function.

Ac 863. Information Systems Auditing. (5) Prerequisites: Ac 431 and Ac 461, or CIS 812. CSP: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. This course focuses on the design and implementation of audit approaches for information systems in automated settings. Internal control structures for a variety of system types, from batch-oriented transaction systems to on-line, real-time systems, are evaluated to control risk. The course also covers the relationship between the design and effectiveness of controls, especially for systems with continuous process auditing.

Ac 900. Introduction to Accounting Research. (5) Prerequisite: doctoral standing or consent of instructor. This is an introductory survey of the research literature in accounting. Research topics and methods in auditing, managerial accounting, taxation, systems, and financial accounting are explored, together with data sets that have proved useful to each area of inquiry.

Ac 930. Seminar in Managerial Accounting. (5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor. This course provides students with the opportunity to analyze and evaluate current research studies and historically significant works in the area of managerial accounting. In addition, substantial emphasis is placed on research methodology and how it is applied and can be applied to managerial accounting issues. An attempt will be made to assist students in learning how to translate various kinds of managerial accounting issues and topics into a format which can be appropriately researched, tested, and studied.

Ac 940. Seminar in Financial Accounting Research. (5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor. This course exposes the student to scientific inquiry and methodology as it applies to theory construction and verification in financial accounting. An emphasis is placed on critical evaluation of recent developments in empirical accounting research. Topics include controversial issues in the field and an examination of significant research projects undertaken toward resolution of these issues.

Ac 950. Seminar in Taxation. (5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor. This course provides the student with the opportunity to analyze, critique, and do academic tax research. Emphasis is placed on research methodology rather than on technical or legal knowledge of the tax law.

Ac 990. Reading Seminar in Accounting. (5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

Actuarial Science

Courses Equivalent to Prerequisites: The satisfactory completion of a course or courses equivalent in content to one stated as a prerequisite will fulfill that prerequisite.

AS 805. Statistical Applications in Property and Liability Insurance. (5) Prerequisite: AS 422. This course is designed to provide the actuarial student with a contemporary background in various statistical applications in property and liability insurance. Topics include loss distributions, simulation techniques, credibility theory, experience rating, and risk theory.

AS 806. Numerical Methods. (5) Prerequisite: Math 215. This introductory course in numerical analysis covers error analysis, the mathematics of finite differences, interpolation with equally and unequally spaced intervals, central differences, summation, numerical integration and differentiation, difference equations, iterative techniques for solving equations, and numerical approaches to linear systems of equations.

AS 810. Mathematical Theory of Risk. (5) Prerequisites: AS 422, Math 214. This course is concerned with the application of certain concepts of risk theory as applied to a simple insurance portfolio. Topics covered include individual and collective risk theory, ruin theory, stop-loss reinsurance, and Monte Carlo methods.

AS 815. Statistical Models in Insurance. (5) Prerequisites: AS 422, Math 214. The concepts of statistical model building are developed through the study of analysis of variance models, multiple regression models, and time series models. Basic assumptions, inferences, and forecasting are studied in detail.

AS 820. Life Contingencies I. (5) Prerequisites: AS 422, AS 430, Math 214. This course is designed to treat the actuarial discipline of life contingencies as it relates to functions of single lives. Detailed algebraic and statistical analyses of insurance, annuities, premiums, and reserves are developed with emphasis given to intuitive relationships as well as to traditional development of formulas.

AS 821. Life Contingencies II. (5) Prerequisite: AS 820. This course extends the basic single-life concepts of AS 820 to functions of more than one life as well as to applications to multiple-decrement functions and pension mathematics. Emphasis continues upon intuitive considerations as well as upon development of actuarial theory and formulas.

AS 825. Life Contingencies III. (5) Prerequisite: AS 821. This course completes the student's formal coursework in life contingencies. The practical, somewhat less mathematical, aspects of the discipline are emphasized, including expense analysis, modified reserves, nonforfeiture benefits, policy dividends, population theory, and advanced topics in actuarial theory involving multiple lives.

AS 830. Survival Models. (5) Prerequisite: AS 820. This course is concerned with methods of analyzing survival data and the construction of interpretive models. The objectives will be to acquaint the student with the current literature, to assist in the choice of appropriate analytical methods, and to warn against uncritical use. The emphasis will be placed on the principles underlying the methods and the interpretation of the results. Numerical examples from diverse fields will be presented in considerable detail.

AS 838. Directed Readings in Actuarial Science. (1-5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor, good academic standing.

AS 850. Seminar in Actuarial Science. (5) Prerequisite: RMI 801 or consent of instructor. This course is a study of the broader aspects of insurance and insurance management from the viewpoint of the actuary. Each student will select a topic from the course of study for fellowship in the Society of Actuaries or the Casualty Actuarial Society and write a formal in-depth paper on this topic for presentation to the entire class.

AS 860. Measurement of Mortality. (5) Prerequisite: none. Basic theory and practical techniques used in the measurement of human mortality, determination of exposure to risk, and derivation of mortality rates from records of insured lives.

AS 870. Graduation and Construction of Tables. (5) Prerequisite: AS 806. Problems of graduation, methods to produce smoothness and fit, elements of demography, practical application of methods of construction and graduation in specific problem areas.

AS 880. Operations Research in Insurance. (5) Prerequisites: AS 422, Math 214. The methodology and techniques of operations research are studied in detail. Topics covered will include linear programming, integer programming, dynamic programming, queuing theory, decision analysis, and simulation.

Business Administration

Courses Equivalent to Prerequisites: The satisfactory completion of a course or courses equivalent in content to one stated as a prerequisite will fulfill that prerequisite.

BA 500. MBA Program Orientation. (0) Prerequisite: none. This course is designed to assist MBA students beginning their graduate studies by providing constructive suggestions. Students will receive relevant information about the MBA program framework and curriculum to assist in understanding the total process and reasons for courses. Students will receive assistance in developing effective learning strategies, including introduction to case analysis, understanding the benefits of diversity in decision making, learning how to be a member of a productive study team, and initiating the career planning process. There are also opportunities for networking with other students.

BA 600. Computer Skills for Empirical Research. (2) Prerequisite: introductory statistics equivalent to DSc 310. Designed to prepare the student to apply computer tools in conducting empirical research. Micro and mainframe computer hardware, software and interfaces essential for data manipulation and statistical analysis are presented and discussed. Numerous computer laboratory sessions will provide the student with hands-on experience in using the tools. The student will learn to use text and data editors, database managers, programing languages and statistical software, and will learn how they interrelate in an empirical research context. The course will conclude by drawing together various hardware and software elements that are presented throughout the course to demonstrate an "Empirical Researcher's Intelligent Work Station," a productivity-enhancing tool for the researcher.

BA 603. Accounting Fundamentals. (5) (Replaced by BA 812.)

BA 605. Probability and Statistical Inference for Managers. (5) (Replaced by BA 804.)

BA 606. Finance Fundamentals. (2 ) (Replaced by BA 812.)

BA 804. Statistical Analysis for Managers. (5) Prerequisite: Math 104. CSP: 1, 2. This course provides the basic background in statistical analysis necessary for an understanding of various aspects of organizational planning, problem identification and problem solving and decision making. The course presents descriptive tools essential to running a business, and provides a foundation in statistical inference, model building for forecasting, and quality assurance. Computer exercises and cases reinforce the principles.

BA 812. Accounting for Financial Decisions. (5) Prerequisite: none. CSP: 1. This course covers accounting information needed by the business manager in the day-to-day and strategic management of the organization. Specific coverage includes the accounting cycle, balance sheet and income statement accounts, the cash flow statement, analysis of financial statements, proforma statements, and short-term decision making models.

BA 821. Microeconomics. (5) Prerequisite: none. CSP: 1, 6. This course builds on theories of the economic behavior of consumers and firms as fundamental decision-making entities of the economic system. Interactions of these decision makers are examined in terms of their implications for relative input and output prices, resource allocation, competitive strategies, and productive management.

BA 822. Applied Decision Sciences. (5) Prerequisites: BA 804 or DSc 310 and DSc 312; BA 812 or Ac 201/202 and FI 330. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course focuses on approaches to and techniques for business decision making. It makes extensive use of typical microcomputer applications, especially spreadsheats. Students develop and apply a variety of decision support models in aid of their management of simulated firms. Topics include, but may not be limited to, ad hoc models, market forecasting models, financial pro formas, optimization models, and Monte Carlo simulation models. The course also stresses effective and persuasive written communications. As the course simulates a corporate environment, the models and software utilized change from time to time as the technology available advances.

BA 823. Managerial Accounting and Control. (5) Prerequisites: BA 804 or DSc 310; BA 812 or AC 201/202 and FI 330; BA 821; BA 841 or PER 815 and PER 820, BA 867. CSP: 1, 2, 3, 6. This course is concerned with accounting and administrative control and with costing and management accounting data as elements in decision making. Managerial accounting as a major general instrument of managerial control is examined extensively.

BA 841. Organizational Behavior. (5) Prerequisite: none. This course is devoted to a study of the empirically derived knowledge about the behavior of individuals and groups in goal-seeking organizations.

BA 842. Legal and Ethical Environment of Business. (5) Prerequisite: none. This course provides the MBA student with a study of the interrelationship of law, ethics and business. The course covers the American legal system, the role of government in regulating business, ethical responsibilities and the influence of global issues. The course equips the student to recognize legal and ethical issues and to manage legal risks in business decision making.

BA 850. Master's Research. (1-10)

BA 862. Corporation Finance. (5) Prerequisites: BA 804 or DSc 310; BA 812 or Ac 201/202 and FI 330; BA 821 or Ec 202. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course embraces the practical and conceptual problems associated with financial management of the nonfinancial corporation. Topics considered are, in brief, domestic and international financial markets, the relationship between risk and return, financial analysis and forecasting, commitments to current assets, short-term financing, evaluation and choice of capital assets, long-term financing strategies, and dividend policy as these issues influence attainment of the maximum market value of corporate claims. Selected readings are utilized to present a conceptual frame for financial management. Case analysis, a group research project, and class presentations are employed to join theory with decision making in the real world. Emphasis throughout is upon the recurring problems of corporate finance rather than upon any specific situation and its solution.

BA 864. Marketing Management. (5) Prerequisites: BA 804 or DSc 310; BA 812 or Ac 201 and Ac 202 and FI 330; BA 821 or Ec 202. A study of the managerial aspects of the marketing function. Emphasis is placed on the criteria, both quantitative and qualitative, utilized in evaluating marketing alternatives and in choosing among these alternatives. The course includes topics related to the decision-making process such as: marketing research, product development, advertising and promotion, sales management, cost and demand analysis, competition, pricing, packaging, and channels of distribution.

BA 865. Operations Management. (5) Prerequisite: BA 804 or DSc 310. This course is an introduction to the concepts, principles, problems, and practices of operations management. Emphasis is on managerial processes for achieving effective operations in both goods-producing and service-rendering organizations. Topics include operations strategy, process design, capacity planning, facilities location and design, forecasting for operations, production scheduling, inventory control, quality assurance, and project management. The topics are integrated using a systems model of the operations of an organization.

BA 866. The Economic Environment. (5) Prerequisite: courses, none. CSP: 1, 2. This course applies the tools of aggregate economic analysis to problems of the performance of the national economy. Particular emphasis is placed on the macroeconomic issues of inflation, unemployment and international economic relations. Knowledge developed in this course of the impact of macroeconomic forces on the industry, enables business leaders to incorporate these forces into their firm's decision-making process.

BA 867. Information Technology Strategies for Management. (5) Prerequisite: none. CSP: 1, 2, 4, 6. An examination of the nature of computer-based information systems and their implementation in the business environment. Topics covered include the role of information systems in business organizations, planning, organizing and controlling the implementation of computer-based information systems and the strategic impact of computer-based information systems.

BA 880. Field Study in Business. (5) Prerequisite: MBA students within three quarters of graduating, or by permission of instructor. This course is a field-based integrative course for MBA students during their last year of study. In cross-functional teams of four or five, students address in-depth projects in companies in the greater Atlanta area. These projects cover the entire project life cycle, from problem definition to the presentation of final recommendations to the company's management.

BA 899. Strategic Management. (5) Prerequisites: BA 804 or DSc 310; BA 812 or Ac 201/202 and FI 330; BA 841; BA 862; BA 864. This course is designed to give the student an opportunity to develop conceptual skills as needed by higher level managers. Emphasis is given to the integration of subject matter from all business courses and other disciplines in the discussion and analysis of organizational problems. Subject matter stressed includes: (1) development of organizational strategy, (2) decision making within the framework of a strategy, (3) the planning process, (4) formulation of objectives and policies, and (5) the management of change.

BA 900. Doctoral Research. (1-10) Prerequisite: doctoral standing. Doctoral students who have not yet passed the preliminary examination and are not registered for 10 or more hours of coursework on their program of study must register for this course to satisfy the continuous registration requirement. A grade of "S" or "U" will be assigned based on attendance and participation in departmental research activities.

BA 920. Seminar in University Teaching. (5) The seminar is concerned with problems relating to teaching and research in business administration. Various teaching methods including lecture, case and incident methods, sociodrama techniques, and tutorial procedures are examined. The problem of particular subject fields, of different levels of classes of students, and of the function of the examination process are considered. This course carries credit toward the minimum requirement for dissertation credits.

BA 950. Dissertation Research. (1-10) Prerequisite: completion of preliminary examination. Doctoral students who have passed the preliminary examination must register for this course each quarter (excluding summer quarter) until graduation to satisfy the continuous registration requirement. A grade of "IP" (indicating that satisfactory progress was made on the dissertation) or "U" (indicating lack of satisfactory progress) is assigned each quarter. At the end of the quarter during which the dissertation is completed/defended, a grade of "S" (satisfactory) or "U" (unsatisfactory) will be assigned to the student.

Business Communications

BCom 825. Effective Executive Communication. (5) Prerequisite: none. Managers face a wide range of demanding communication tasks every day. They must communicate vision, negotiate for resources, lead meetings, provide performance feedback, and manage new communication technologies, all in an increasingly international workplace. This course prepares students to communicate effectively as managers. Students practice the strategies and techniques in a wide range of written and spoken performance situations. They work individually and in groups from cases and make several presentations during the course.

BCom 826. Corporate Communication. (5) Prerequisite: Communication Skills & Strategies or Equivalent or BCom 825. CSP: 1 and 6. Companies today need to structure themselves for both internal and external communication, with a corporate communication function that is totally integrated throughout the organization. This course examines the developing field of corporate communication from the perspective of both internal and external communication; communicating within the organization; creating an image and an identity, and communicating a vision; developing a strategy for dealing with crises; establishing a corporate position; communicating with various corporate constituencies.

Computer Information Systems

Courses Equivalent to Prerequisites: The satisfactory completion of a course or courses equivalent in content to one stated as a prerequisite will fulfill that prerequisite.

CIS 800. Information Systems Concepts. (5) (Replaced by CIS 811.)

CIS 811. Information Technology Infrastructure. (5) Prerequisite: none. CSP: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. (Replaces CIS 800.) This course examines computers, software and communication networks as a complex system of interacting parts, called the infrastructure. After an introduction to the infrastructure components, these technologies and their interactions will be assessed from functional, enabling, planning and management perspectives.

CIS 812. Applications Prototyping with Objects. (5) Prerequisite: none. CSP: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. (Replaces CIS 820.) This course employs prototyping methods and object-oriented technologies to quickly develop and deploy user applications. Students will learn and use popular object development tools, such as Visual Basic and Power Builder, as well as prototyping, component integration, and interface design techniques, to rapidly build and test meaningful applications.

CIS 813. Object-Oriented Specification. (5) Prerequisite: CIS 812. CSP: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. (Replaces CIS 850.) This course introduces students to an object view of business requirements analysis and the design of object-based information systems to satisfy those needs. The course presents a disciplined approach to problem classification, domain analysis and method selection using object-oriented methods. Based on this, the student will be able to select or create, and assemble, an object-based business solution.

CIS 814. Fundamentals of Database Management Systems. (5) Prerequisite: CIS 813. CSP: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. (Replaces CIS 872.) This course examines the basic design and use issues underlying relational, object-oriented and distributed database management systems. Design and implementation methods are examined with the support of modern software tools. Data management issues are then addressed.

CIS 815. Systems Integration. (5) Prerequisites: CIS 811, CIS 812. CSP: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. This course develops the knowledge and skills needed to work through the integration of hardware, software, networks, management, services and training. The concepts and methods for designing, planning, contracting for, and overseeing information technology infrastructure and applications are introduced. As some or all of the technologies and services can be outsourced, students will be introduced to the issues involved in preparing, distributing, and evaluating requests for proposals and subsequent contract management issues. Students will prepare and evaluate systems integration proposals.

CIS 816. Process Reengineering and Change Management. (5) Prerequisite: CIS 811. CSP: 1, 4, 5, 6. This course examines the nature of an organization's cross-functional business processes. Principles and practices are introduced to evaluate and enhance process contributions to the goals and objectives of the organization and its stakeholders. The characteristics and capabilities inherent in information technologies are viewed as a vehicle for rethinking and redesigning business processes. Methods of introducing and managing reengineering-induced change are examined.

CIS 817. Network Design and Management. (5) Prerequisite: CIS 811. CSP: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. (Replaces CIS 830.) This course addresses the major issues in network design and management. Design considerations include: communication services, local- and wide-area networks, network performance, communication architectures, network management architectures, application inter-connectivity evaluation, and vendor selection. Methods for the analysis, design and selection of networks covered from the perspectives of standard, proprietary and customized solutions. Managerial considerations of acquiring utilizing, supporting and managing these technologies are emphasized.

CIS 820. Algorithmic Processes. (5) (Replaced by CIS 812.)

CIS 824. Advanced Networks and Messaging. (5) Prerequisite: CIS 817. CSP: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. This course considers the design and management issues related to communication-enabled electronic messaging systems. The analysis, design, selection and administration of a number of messaging systems are examined, including: electronic mail, workflow systems, electronic data interchange (EDI), voice and multimedia messaging, and public systems such as the Internet. Issues involving the integration and managerial impact of these systems will be discussed.

CIS 827. Data Structures for Software Applications. (5) Prerequisite: CIS 326. CSP: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. This course will provide the student with design insights into the critical role data structures play in the specification, development, implementation and performance of software applications. Alternative data structures and their applicability to such common application problems as pattern matching, data compression, list searching, and retrieval will be discussed. Examples will be drawn from well-known Unix utilities such as diff, grep and compress. Upon completion, the student will be able to identify, evaluate and select suitable and reliable data structures for a range of applications.

CIS 830. Data Communication Systems. (5) (Replaced by CIS 817.)

CIS 838. Directed Readings in Information Systems. (1-5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor, good academic standing.

CIS 839. Advanced Topics in Information Technology. (5) Prerequisite: varies depending on topic. This course will address emerging or advanced topics in information technology, such as parallel computing, high-capacity networking, or video-conferencing technologies. The specific topic may vary from quarter to quarter, as will the associated course prerequisites. The student is advised to check with the department or his/her adviser on this offering. This course is repeatable for different topics.

CIS 841. Object-Oriented Design and Development. (5) Prerequisite: CIS 420, CIS 813. CSP: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. This course introduces object-oriented software development using an object-oriented programming language such as C++. Emphasis is placed on object-oriented design and the efficient implementation of that design. Topics include: principles of software engineering, the prototyping, development, testing, debugging, and maintenance of software systems and the related management issues. The central objective is to enable the student to build quality software through reuse.

CIS 844. Multimedia Systems Development. (5) Prerequisite: CIS 811, CIS 812. CSP: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. This course provides the knowledge needed to design and implement computer-based business systems that combine text, audio, images, animation and full-motion video. The course will address the technologies needed to develop and execute such systems, design methods used in planning these systems, and authoring languages used to them. Students will be required to design, implement and present at least one multimedia application for evaluation by the class.

CIS 845. Applied Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems. (5) Prerequisite: CIS 326. CSP: 1. This course covers the application of artificial intelligence techniques to the design and use of expert systems in business applications. Concepts such as inference mechanisms, explanation facilities, and knowledge acquisition methods will be explored. Students will be exposed to several AI-based development environments for the construction of expert-based applications. Case descriptions of several in-use expert systems will be studied for insight into their motivation, construction and use.

CIS 849. Advanced Topics in Systems Development. (5) Prerequisite: varies depending on topic. This course will address emerging or advanced topics in the development of information system applications, such as socio-technical or soft-system methods, methodology engineering, or workflow system design. The specific topic may vary from quarter to quarter, as will the associated course prerequisites. The student is advised to check with the department or his/her adviser on this offering. This course is repeatable for different topics.

CIS 850. Systems Analysis and Design. (5) (Replaced by CIS 813.)

CIS 859. Information Systems and Competitive Strategy. (5) (Replaced by CIS 861.)

CIS 861. Information Technology Strategy and Policy. (5) Prerequisite: CIS 813. CSP: 1, 4, 5, 6. (Replaces CIS 859.) This course emphasizes competitive advantage as a driver in information systems design and deployment. Among the topics examined are: the competitive potential of strategic information systems, the design of strategic information systems, issues related to interorganizational systems, systems involving international networks, and the financial and audit structures for such systems. An international perspective is woven through each topical area of the course. Students, as part of this course, plan and design strategic information systems and evaluate existing ones.

CIS 862. Management of Information Services. (5) Prerequisite: CIS 811. CSP: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. (Replaces CIS 840.) This course addresses the many management issues unique to the information services function within organizations. Coverage includes: information systems planning, managing the information infrastructure, justifying information technology investments, costing services and networks, evaluating information system performance, alternative information service delivery modes, managing distributed and end-user computing, project and operations management, systems security, and the management of information technology professionals.

CIS 865. Information Technology and Collaborative Work. (5) Prerequisite: CIS 811 or BA 867. CSP: 1, 2, 3. This course addresses the area of computer-supported collaborative work systems. Topics range from an exploration of the variety of system-types that support collaborative work, to their identification, requirements assessment, selection, design, use, implementation and facilitation, with particular emphasis on the technology and design issues. Additional consideration is given to the justification, impact and assessment of such systems. Multicultural aspects will also be explored.

CIS 869. Advanced Topics in Management of Information Systems. (5) Prerequisite: varies depending on topic. This course will address emerging or advanced topics in the management of information systems and services, such as outsourcing, information systems consultancy and entrepreneurship, or the management of development projects. The specific topic may vary from quarter to quarter, as will the associated course prerequisites. The student is advised to check with the department or his/her adviser on this offering. This course is repeatable for different topics.

CIS 872. Database Systems. (5) (Replaced by CIS 814.)

CIS 873. Database Systems Design and Selection. (5) (Replaced by CIS 814.)

CIS 912. Advanced Software Systems. (5) (Replaced by CIS 922.)

CIS 914. Theoretical Analysis of Information Systems. (5) (Replaced by CIS 924.)

CIS 916. Topics in Information Systems. (5) (Replaced by CIS 926.)

CIS 918. Research Methods in Information Systems. (5) (Replaced by CIS 928.)

CIS 922. Topics in Information Systems Technology. (5) Prerequisite: none. (Replaces CIS 912.) This is a research seminar that focuses on research issues and methods in one or more areas having to do with the technology of information systems. Topics include: software engineering, communication systems, and database/knowledge-based systems. The focus of the course will be announced in advance and the course syllabus will be made available for student review.

CIS 924. Topics in Information Systems Development. (5) Prerequisite: none. (Replaces CIS 914.) In this course theories and models applicable to the analysis of systems structure and the processes of systems analysis and design are studied. Emphasis is on the applicability of the material covered to information systems in particular. The focus of the course will be announced in advance and the course syllabus available for student review.

CIS 926. Topics in Information Systems Management. (5) Prerequisite: none. (Replaces CIS 916.) This course covers various topics in information systems management or the management of information systems (MoIS). Topics covered will vary depending upon the research interest of the department. Student will acquire skills for developing a research proposal. The focus of the course will be announced in advance and the course syllabus available for student review.

CIS 928. Quantitative Research Methods in Information Systems. (5) Prerequisite: none. (Replaces CIS 918.) This course develops skills in designing, evaluating, and understanding quantitative methods and methodologies for IS research. Students will also acquire skills in developing research proposals, supporting methodological choices, and understanding how to successfully publish their work.

CIS 930. Qualitative Research Methods in Information Systems. (5) Prerequisite: none. This course helps develop knowledge and skills in the application and use of qualitative research techniques. The course provides a survey of the methodological literature on qualitative research methods paired with appropriate article-length exemplars in the information systems domain. This course will cover a variety of different research strategies including: case study, qualitative data collection and analysis techniques, ethnography, ethnography and meta-ethnography/meta-interpretation. In addition, students will also acquire skills in developing a research approach, understanding and using a grounded theory approach, and triangulation methods for strengthening research findings, and supporting methodological choices.

Concentrated M.B.A.

CMBA 810. Business Systems and Processes. (5) Prerequisite: admission to Concentrated MBA Program. This course provides a broad perspective on the systematic elements of organizations and their business processes. Students explore ways in which organizations function, learn, compete, and create advantages in business and industry at regional, national, and international levels. Strategies (such as business process reengineering and cross-functional teams) for creating innovation in systems and processes, which transform the very nature of the enterprise, are introduced. The course provides a framework which will guide student thinking and exploration in subsequent courses.

CMBA 815. Managing in Dynamic Organizations. (5) Prerequisite: admission to Concentrated MBA Program. This course explores the application of the principles of organizational behavior and organizational communication to the business environment in such processes as team building, leadership, group decision making and conflict management. The course focuses on: (1) understanding and diagnosing organizational issues and problems, and (2) developing communication and other skills necessary to lead and manage others in organizations.

CMBA 821. Financial and Management Control. (5) Prerequisite: admission to Concentrated MBA Program. This course integrates what managers need to know about financial and managerial accounting for decision making and control. It provides foundation knowledge and substantial practice in applying essential analytical skills in financial and management control.

CMBA 832. Information Technology for Systems and Decisions. (5) Prerequisite: admission to Concentrated MBA Program. This course is organized around two concepts. The first is the use of information technology in structuring the organization's systems for competitive advantage. The second is the use of analytical models to support managerial decision making. The course synthesizes these topics and shows how they are interrelated. It provides execises that emphasize conceptual and applied dimensions of managing via information technology.

CMBA 843. Markets and Marketing. (5) Prerequisite: admission to Concentrated MBA Program. This course focuses on microeconomic and buyer behavior theory, and it uses case studies to help students learn to create effective marketing programs. Emphasis is placed on: (1)understanding how and why individuals and firms react to various marketing decisions, and (2) using economic analysis to find the moat productive use of the firm's marketing resources. Marketing decisions are examined in the context of the firm's competitive environment and business strategy.

CMBA 849. Legal and Ethical Environment and Human Resource Management. (5) Prerequisite: admission to Concentrated MBA Program. This course integrates human resource management, ethics, and the legal environment of business. Students are introduced to human resource management functions expected of the general manager including selection and performance appraisal. Students are also introduced to the law of business, including agency, employment, and product liability.

CMBA 854. Corporate Finance and the Macroeconomy. (5) Prerequisite: admission to Concentrated MBA Program. This course covers basic macroeconomics and financial decision making. It demonstrates how an understanding of macroeconomic fluctuations is incorporated into the evaluation and management of physical and financial assets.

CMBA 876. Strategic and Operations Management. (5) Prerequisite: admission to Concentrated MBA Program. This course focuses on the design and implementation of competitive business strategies as well as the production/operating systems to support those strategies. Topics that are emphasized include the competitive analysis of industries, international issues, and organizational change processes.

CMBA 887. Integrative Business Simulation I. (2 ) Prerequisite: admission to Concentrated MBA Program. In this course, student teams compete in managing simulated companies through a computer-assisted business game. Each team reports to a board of directors composed of business professionals and MBA faculty. The course is designed to provide: (1) the experience needed to bridge the gap between theory and management application, and (2) opportunities to practice the functional skills learned in prior courses and to see the results of decisions. The course continues over two quarters.

CMBA 888. Integrative Business Simulation II. (2 ) Prerequisite: successful completion of CMBA 887. A continuation of CMBA 887, Integrative Business Simulation I.

CMBA 898. Integrative Field Study in Business I. (2 ) Prerequisite: admission to Concentrated MBA Program. This course is a field-based integrative course for MBA students during their last year of study. In cross-functional teams of four or five, students address in-depth projects in companies in the greater Atlanta area. These projects cover the entire project life cycle, from problem definition to the presentation of final recommendations to the company's management. The course continues over two quarters.

CMBA 899. Integrative Field Study in Business II. (2 ) Prerequisite: successful completion of CMBA 898. A continuation of CMBA 898, Integrative Field Study in Business I.

Decision Sciences

Courses Equivalent to Prerequisites: The satisfactory completion of a course or courses equivalent in content to one stated as a prerequisite will fulfill that prerequisite.

DSc 802. Introduction to Decision Support Systems. (5) Prerequisite: none. CSP: 1, 2, 4, 6. This course focuses on the features, uses, and design strategies for alternative types of decision support systems. Students will design and validate model-based, data-based, and knowledge-based support systems to aid managerial problem solving. Implementation issues will also be addressed.

DSc 807. Advanced Calculus and Matrix Algebra. (5) Prerequisite: Math 122. This course may not be counted for degree credit in the College's doctoral programs. (Formerly DSc 804) This course presents calculus and linear algebra topics to provide the student with the mathematical background necessary for advanced statistics courses. Calculus topics include techniques of integration, functions of several variables and infinite series whereas linear algebra topics include methods of solving systems of linear equations, vectors, linear transformations, determinants and matrix eigenstructure.

DSc 808. Probability and Statistical Theory I. (5) Prerequisite: DSc 807 and introductory statistics equivalent to DSc 310. CSP: 1. This course may not be counted for degree credit in the College's doctoral programs. (Formerly DSc 803) This course presents a general outline of the mathematical theory of probability and statistics. Topics include random variables, discrete and continuous probability distributions, sampling distribution theory, estimation and multivariate distributions.

DSc 809. Probability and Statistical Theory II. (5) Prerequisite: DSc 808. (Formerly DSc 806) This course covers advanced topics in the theory of probability and statistics including Bayesian estimation, chi-square tests, quadratic forms, analysis of variance, nonparametric statistics, sufficiency, and the multivariate normal distribution.

DSc 813. Problem Solving and Decision Making Processes. (5) Prerequisite: BA 804. The course focuses on how managers, individually and in groups, make decisions. It covers the major descriptive and normative models of managerial problem diagnosis and alternative generation. By comprehending how managers solve problems, students will be prepared to build computer-based support tools. Cases and mini-examples are used to apply the concepts and methods to real-world problems.

DSc 814. Management Science Model Building for Decision Making. (5) Prerequisite: BA 822. CSP: 1, 3. Various programming techniques are surveyed with an emphasis on the why and how of these types of models as opposed to a detailed theoretical approach. Students develop programming models which relate to their areas of interest. Stored computer programs are used extensively in order to accomplish the mathematical manipulations. Emphasis will be placed on input requirements and interpretation of results.

DSc 818. Sampling Theory and Applications. (5) Prerequisite: BA 804. CSP: 1, 4. This course brings together the theory and methodology of sampling to give the student tools with which to enhance the quality and reliability of information used in the decision process. Students plan and conduct sampling studies in a variety of situations and applications. Lectures are supplemented with case problems.

DSc 820. Business Forecasting Methods. (5) Prerequisite: BA 804. CSP: 1, 3. The basic aim of this course is to improve the student's understanding of the various forecasting techniques and the problems associated with using these techniques. Those procedures with greatest applicability to practical business problems will be covered. Acquainting the student with the assumptions underlying the basic forecasting techniques will be an aim of the course.

DSc 823. Data-based Decision Support Systems. (5) Prerequisites: BA 867, DSc 802. CSP: 1, 4, 6. This course deals with advanced concepts in designing and developing data-based decision support systems. These systems are used to retrieve and analyze data to support decision making. Students will design and evaluate data-based systems to support ill-structured problem solving in a variety of business application areas.

DSc 824. Model-based Decision Support Systems. (5) Prerequisite: DSc 802, BA 804. CSP: 1, 2, 3, 6. This course deals with advanced concepts in modeling semi-structured problems using mathematical, statistical, and business models to support managerial problem solving. Students will be required to design, validate, and evaluate model-based decision support systems. Models are considered in such areas as inventory control, financial control, and sales analysis.

DSc 825. Systems Design in the Decision Sciences. (5) Prerequisite: none. CSP: 1, 2, 4, 6. This course provides a practical means of understanding and applying the fundamentals of systems analysis in the decision environment. Systems are classified and the basic steps in their design are outlined. Several systems applications are analyzed in depth.

DSc 830. Applied Regression Analysis. (5) Prerequisite: BA 804. CSP: 1, 6. The basic aim of this course is to improve the student's understanding of the various uses of regression analysis. These uses range from linear to nonlinear estimations. Both bivariate and multivariate regression will be discussed. Acquainting the student with the assumptions of the general regression model will be an aim of the course. Practical suggestions will be given for checking the regression model by examining the residuals. Also, a description and comparison of the basic types of regression computer programs will be presented.

DSc 835. Decision Theory and Application. (5) Prerequisite: DSc 310. CSP: 1, 2, 3. The course will develop the basic elements involved in decision making and integrate them in developing a systematic theory of decision making under uncertainty. It will examine the problems of measurements of uncertainty, utility, and payoffs in decision making, and explore the costs of various decision criteria.

DSc 836. Introduction to Biostatistics. (5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor. CSP: 1. This course is designed to provide the students with an understanding of biostatistics and to provide a general introduction to research design.

DSc 838. Directed Readings in the Decision Sciences. (1-5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor, good academic standing.

DSc 845. Applications of Statistical Models for Decision Making. (5) Prerequisites: Math 122, and BA 804 or DSc 310. CSP: 1, 6. This course presents applications of important statistical models to organizational analysis and decision making. The SAS statistical software package will be employed to analyze data and apply several statistical models. Examples of statistical models and techniques presented are exploratory data analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis, discriminant analysis, cluster analysis, multidimensional scaling and conjoint analysis.

DSc 850. Methods of Business Research. (5) Prerequisites: BA 804, DSc 808. CSP: 1. This is intended to be a course where students will get an opportunity to apply the analytical tools that they acquire in the MS-DSc sequence of courses. Methodology of research will be discussed with special reference to business problems. The student will carry out a research project as a part of this course. The design of these projects will receive the major emphasis.

DSc 858. Structures of Strategic Planning. (5) Prerequisite: Should be taken within the last 15 hours of the student's program. CSP: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Structures for organizational strategic planning are presented which integrate functional areas of the firm within the social, technological, and economic environments. Students read the literature on ill-structured problem solving and work with simulation models of large systems which emphasize explicit attention to uncertainty and valuation of the going concern. Professional practice is obtained from cases and actual business situations in the local environment.

DSc 876. Statistical Quality Assurance. (5) Prerequisite: BA 804. CSP: 1, 2, 3, 6. This course provides students with a set of statistical skills to implement quality control and to improve manufacturing and service processes. The course emphasizes control charting methods for variables (mean, range, standard deviation, and single observations) and attributes (proportion and number of non-conforming pieces). This course also emphasizes both classical and Taguichi methods for experimental design and the improvement of performance. Computer exercises and mini-cases reinforce the statistical concepts, and outside readings help place the statistical concepts within the broader total quality management context.

DSc 878. Knowledge-based Decision Support Systems. (5) Prerequisite: DSc 802 or consent of instructor. CSP: 1, 2, 4. This course deals with decision support systems which represent expert knowledge of problem-solving rules and heuristics directly in a "knowledge base." Students' projects will use available expert system "shell" programs as DSS generators to acquire, represent, refine, and use expert knowledge in specific application areas such as financial analysis, auditing, and market analysis.

DSc 882. Research Design. (5) Prerequisite: DSc 808. This course consists of a survey of statistics which relate to the following topic areas: (1) the philosophy of experimental design, (2) ANOVA techniques, (3) philosophy of research and (4) data collection techniques.

DSc 884. Regression Analysis. (5) Prerequisites: DSc 808 and BA 600. CSP: 1, 6. The focus of the course will be on regression as an inferential tool for conducting empirical research. As such, in depth coverage will be given to the topics of parameter estimation, hypothesis testing and residual analysis. Multicollinearity diagnostics and remedies will be discussed. Several special topics will be covered.

DSc 886. Multivariate Data Analysis. (5) Prerequisites: DSc 884 or Ec 875, and BA 600. CSP: 1, 6. Multivariate data analysis is illustrated for data reduction, quasi-experimentation and true experimentation. Among the techniques covered are multivariate hypothesis testing, principal components analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, multi-dimensional scaling, discriminant analysis, logistic regression, conjoint analysis, canonical analysis, multivariate analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of covariance.

DSc 888. Time Series Models. (5) Prerequisites: DSc 884 or Ec 875 or DSc 820 or DSc 830. CSP: 1, 3. This course covers advanced methods for analyzing, modeling and forecasting time series. The course emphasizes the theory and applications of time series, and covers single and multiple series. The course covers stationarity, Autoregressive and Moving Average Models (ARMA), and vector ARMA.

DSc 920. Seminar in the Decision Sciences. (5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor. This course will concentrate on the elements of the decision process. The primary media used for instruction will be presentations of decision-making applications in organizational environments.

DSc 925. Reading Seminar in the Decision Sciences. (5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor. The coverage of this course will be highly variable. The course will allow a student with special interest in an area to pursue his or her interest in whatever depth and direction is appropriate. Examples of such areas are topics not covered in other course offerings and special in-depth coverage beyond normal course offerings. Instruction and guidance will normally be on a tutorial basis.

Economics

Courses Equivalent to Prerequisites: The satisfactory completion of a course or courses equivalent in content to one stated as a prerequisite will fulfill that prerequisite.

Ec 603. Introduction to Mathematics for Economists. (5) Prerequisite: Math 104 or consent of instructor. This course provides an introduction to mathematical techniques that are frequently used in economic analysis. Topics covered include differential and integral calculus and matrix algebra. Emphasis is placed on optimization techniques.

Ec 639. Modern European Economic Development. (5) (Same as Hist 639.) This course is not available for credit for students in the College of Business Administration. This course traces and evaluates the major developments in the economic life and institutions of modern Europe. Attention focuses principally upon England, Germany, Russia, and France.

Ec 668. American Economic History. (5) (Same as Hist 668.) This course is not available for credit for students in the College of Business Administration. This course covers the development of the American economy with an emphasis upon the changing structure, institutional pattern, and performance of the system.

Ec 689. History of American Labor. (5) (Same as Hist 689.) Prerequisite: none. Labor history, trade union structure, government, and philosophy; dynamics of the labor movement, labor as an interest group; contemporary labor problems.

Ec 803. Mathematics for Economists. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 603. This course covers the elements of mathematical analysis, classical optimization techniques (Lagrange technique), and linear and nonlinear programming, with applications to economics, particularly comparative statics.

Ec 806. Dynamics of the American Economy. (5) This course is not available for credit for students in the College of Business Administration. Topics covered in this course are national income, output, employment, and price levels as determinants of economic activity; effects of such factors as consumer and investment spending and alternative government fiscal, monetary, and debt management policies; business fluctuations, growth, and the problems of inflation. Credit for this course is obtained through the economic education program.

*Ec 808. Economics of the Public Sector. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 202. Analysis of the role of government in the economy. Survey of the problems of monopoly, government regulation, externalities, public goods, and income redistribution. Emphasis on measuring the output and costs of government services. Survey of public sector decision-making techniques such as benefit-cost analysis.

Ec 810. Applied Microeconomic Analysis. (5) Prerequisites: Ec 391 or BA 821, and Ec 603 or DSc 807. This course provides comprehensive coverage of microeconomic topics by analyzing the applications of the theory. A graphical and intuitive approach is stressed in addition to the mathematical. Topics include both the standard and the new consumer theory, production and cost analysis, modern theories of the firm and markets, and basic welfare economics. Applications useful to business students are also provided.

Ec 811. Macroeconomic Analysis. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 390 or BA 866; Corequisite: Ec 603 or DSc 807. This course covers the theory of aggregate demand and supply, sector demand functions (consumption, investment, money), disequilibrium models, economic growth, inflation, unemployment and expectations, stabilization, and control.

Ec 812. Optimization and Partial Equilibrium Analysis. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 803, Ec 810. Ec 812 provides an in-depth analysis of utility theory and consumer demand functions, production theory and cost functions, the importance of different market structures on the price and output decisions of business firms, and the pricing of factor inputs.

Ec 813. Advanced Macroeconomic Theory. (5) Prerequisites: Ec 811, Ec 803. This is the first of two advanced macroeconomic theory courses designed to bring graduate students to the frontier of current research. Topics in this course include disequilibrium models, the real business cycle, the open economy, economic growth, stochastic macroeconomics and control analysis.

Ec 815. Monetary Economics and Policy. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 350. This course is concerned with the institutional and analytical framework of the American monetary system, contemporary monetary theories and an analysis of the Federal Reserve strategies for domestic and international policy problems.

Ec 818. Applied Economic Analysis. (5) Prerequisites: Ec 810, Ec 811. CSP: 1. Tools and techniques that are used for policy purposes and for forecasting by business and government will be studied. Large-scale econometric models, leading indicators, anticipations surveys and other devices will be analyzed in order to determine the range of their usefulness for the decision maker. Model evaluation at the industry, firm, or regional level also will be pursued.

Ec 820. Business Fluctuations: Trends and Forecasting. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 390. An examination of the dynamic factors that lead to business fluctuations in the U.S. economy. Recent and projected U.S. experience will be analyzed in the context of macroeconomic disequilibrium.

Ec 822. Economics of Personnel and Employment Relations. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 202, BA 804 or equivalent. The course examines the operation of labor markets, the determination of labor supply, labor demand, and wages, and the impact that market forces and institutions have on the practice of personnel management and employment relations. A variety of public policy issues related to the labor market are also considered.

Ec 830. Urban Economics. (5) Prerequisite: BA 821 or Ec 808 or US 840. This course examines the underlying causes of urban economic problems and evaluates alternative public policies for dealing with specific problems including congestion, environmental degradation, discrimination, and central city decay. Emphasis is placed on the spatial characteristics of the urban economy as well as on market failures arising from the presence of externalities.

Ec 838. Directed Readings in Economics. (1-5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor, good academic standing.

Ec 843. Microeconomics for Business. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 810. CSP: 1. This course applies microeconomic theory to business decision making. Applications will be developed through analysis of issues. Among the issues treated are the following: price discrimination, two-part tariffs, competitive analysis, regulation, antitrust, economics of storage, cost/benefit analysis, market failure and public policy applications.

Ec 844. Structure of Industry. (5) Prerequisite: BA 821. Empirical, historical, and theoretical analyses of market structure and concentration in American industries, the effects of oligopoly, monopoly, and cartelization upon price, output and other policies of the firm, and upon economic stability and growth; antitrust policies and problems.

Ec 845. Issues in Public Programs and Tax Policy. (5) Prerequisite: BA 821 or Ec 808 or US 840. In this course a set of public policy issues is presented for in-depth discussion and analysis. The issues are selected from public program and tax policy issues that are of contemporary national interest. Examples of public programs could include social security, education, health care, environmental issues, or defense. The tax policy issues might include capital gains taxation, value added taxation, user fees, or the personal income tax. The policy issues selected will vary from quarter to quarter.

Ec 846. Economics of the State and Local Public Sector. (5) Prerequisite: BA 821 or Ec 808 or US 840. This course focuses on the application of economic principles to fiscal decisions of state and local governments. Three major topics are discussed: the description and analysis of revenue sources, including taxes, lotteries, and debt; intergovernmental fiscal relations, including grants, school-aid programs, and the allocation of functions between levels of government; and the provision of public services.

Ec 850. History of Economic Thought. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 202 and Ec 202, or consent of instructor. This course deals with the development of political economy from its Greek origins through the twentieth century. The continuity of intellectual and economic thought and their relationship to changing social and political settings are stressed. Particular emphasis is placed on the Classical and neo-Classical authors and their critics.

Ec 860. Economics of Development. (5) Prerequisites: BA 821, BA 866. This course provides an analysis of the process of economic development in less developed economies, and examines the contributions of economic theories to development policies. Topics covered include analysis of trade and foreign capital flows, demographic and agricultural transitions, the savings-investment process, technology transfer and industrialization.

Ec 868. Advanced Economic History. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 201 and Ec 202, or consent of instructor. An analysis of the emergence of the United States from a status as an underdeveloped area to that of a high-mass consumption economy in the 20th century. Special attention will be given to the interaction of capital formation, technology, entrepreneurship, and public policy in influencing this evolution. Changes in national income and its distribution will be assessed; the changing position of the United States in the world economy will be evaluated.

Ec 875. Econometrics. (5) Prerequisite: DSc 808. CSP: 1. The course provides an introduction to econometrics. Subjects covered include the classical linear regression model, generalized least squares, and simultaneous equation regression models. Attention is also given to topics such as hypothesis testing, multicollinearity, heteroskedisticity and dummy variables.

Ec 876. Advanced Econometrics. (5) Prerequisites: Ec 875 or DSc 884. CSP: 1. The course covers a variety of more specialized or advanced topics in econometrics. Subjects include discrete and limited dependent variables, nonlinear regression models, Bayesian estimation techniques, and time series methods.

Ec 885. International Trade. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 391 or BA 821. This course develops an understanding of the economic basis for trade. It also examines trade policies nations adopt, common markets, international resource flows and the multinational corporation.

Ec 886. Economics of Global Finance. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 201, Ec 202. This course deals with the functioning of the international monetary system and its financial markets which set or influence foreign exchange rates. It develops an open economy macro model showing balance of payments equilibrium, and assesses policies to deal with imbalances. It examines the impact of international capital flows.

Ec 899. Thesis Research. (1-15) Ec 899 is not available for credit for students in the College of Business Administration.

Ec 907. General Equilibrium and Welfare. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 812. This course deals with the existence, stability, and uniqueness of multimarket equilibrium and the welfare properties of such equilibrium.

Ec 908. Topics in Macroeconomic Theory. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 813. CSP: 1. This second course in advanced macro-economic theory covers special topics in contemporary macroeconomics. While some topics may vary from year to year in response to theoretical developments, primary emphasis is placed upon the overlapping generations model, money, multiple equilibria, and optimal consumption.

Ec 915. Advanced Monetary Theory. (5) Prerequisites: Ec 810, Ec 811. CSP: 1. This course covers topics in the following areas: the role of money as a causal factor in a modern economic system; alternatively formulated demand for and supply of money functions; integration of value and monetary theory; dynamic models of monetary behavior.

Ec 918. Economics of Uncertainty. (5) Prerequisites: Ec 810, Ec 811. Topics in the economics of uncertainty including the utility analysis of choices involving risk, models of risk aversion, the theory of the firm under uncertainty, information and search models, and market equilibrium under uncertainty.

Ec 922. Advanced Labor Economics. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 810. This course provides an in-depth analysis of topics in labor economics such as labor supply, human capital, bargaining theory, union wage effects and the impact of various government programs on the labor market.

Ec 930. Seminar in Urban and Regional Economics. (5) Prerequisites: Ec 810, Ec 830. This course covers economic theory, concepts, and methods of analysis for the study of the structure, operation, and development of urban and regional economies. Theories of urban and regional resource allocation, income distribution, economic stability, and economic growth are examined. Methods of analysis and their limitations are considered.

Ec 931. Environmental and Resource Economics I. (5) Prerequisites: Ec 810, Ec 812, Ec 907. This course is part of a two-course sequence designed to provide students with a working knowledge of the most important models and analytical techniques used in the design of public policy for the management and conservation of natural and environmental systems. Topics to be covered include externalities and environmental systems; environmental benefits measurement; and dynamic models of natural resource management.

Ec 932. Environmental and Resource Economics II. (5) Prerequisites: Ec 931, Ec 810, Ec 812, Ec 907. This concluding section of Environmental and Resource Economics will focus the skills developed in Environmental and Resource Economics I toward using theoretical models and analytical techniques associated with contemporary environmental and natural resource management problems.

Ec 945. Advanced Public Economics I. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 845. This is an advanced course that focuses on the theory of and recent research on public expenditures. Topics include: public goods, externalities, cost benefit analysis, and bureaucracy.

Ec 946. Advanced Public Economics II. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 810. This is an advanced course that focuses on the theory of recent research on taxation. Topics covered include: tax incidence, incentive effects of taxation, and welfare analysis of taxation.

Ec 951. Dissertation Workshop. (5) Pre-requirsite: completion of Ph.D. coursework. This course provides a forum for the development and implementation of dissertation topics and research. In-depth analyses of selected economics literature are conducted with an emphasis on effective research strategies and techniques. Students are expected to make presentations regarding their own research ideas to gain constructive criticism in a supportive environment.

Ec 952. Special Topics in Economics. (5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor. This course provides an advanced research-oriented treatment of topics in economic analysis. The course can be repeated when topics vary. This course is intended primarily for doctoral students.

Ec 980. International Trade Theory. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 810. A rigorous development of the pure theory of international trade, examining the economic factors which in the long-run determine the structure of trade. The classical, neoclassical and modern theories of international trade, the gains from trade and factor movements are all analyzed in detail. Trade theory is also applied to commercial policy and economic integration.

Ec 988. International Monetary Economics. (5) Prerequisites: Ec 810, Ec 811. (Formerly Ec 888) This course deals in a systematic fashion with the monetary aspects of international trade and investment. Topics covered include the foreign exchange market, the balance of payments, adjustment under alternative monetary systems, international capital movements and policies to maintain external and internal balance.
*The asterisked courses will not count as economics courses applicable to the Ph.D. and M.A. degrees in economics or to the M.S. degree in business economics.

Executive M.B.A.

EMBA 800. Introduction to Executive Management. (3) Prerequisite: consent of director of EMBA program. This course provides an introduction to executive management education. The role of general management, in which the executives have responsibilities for a broad spectrum of tasks, is established. Six themes that transcend any one course and continue through the entire program are identified and introduced. The themes are oral communications, written communications, quantitative analysis, computer skills, interpersonal skills, and an international perspective. Basic skills in accounting and mathematics are covered.

EMBA 805. Financial and Managerial Accounting I. (5) Prerequisite: consent of director of EMBA program. This course is an introduction to financial and managerial accounting. While techniques of data accumulation are given some attention, the emphasis is on the use of accounting information for decision making.

EMBA 810. Human Resource Management. (5) Prerequisite: consent of director of EMBA program. Designed for the experienced manager, this course is an extensive study of theories and practices for the effective management of individuals, groups, and organizations. Issues of personnel administration, employee influence, human resource flow, reward systems, work systems, and the proactive response of the organization to its environment are integrated.

EMBA 815. Decision Sciences Modeling. (5) Prerequisite: consent of director of EMBA program. The course focuses on the art and science of building computer-based decision tools. Topics include defining and coding the model, validation approaches, using computer-based models to evaluate alternatives, model improvement techniques, and implementation issues. Students apply these topics to statistical, optimization, and simulation models. The topics are integrated through the use of a management simulation game. Students will build their own computer-based tools and use pre-existing models within the gaming environment.

EMBA 820. Legal and Ethical Environment of Business. (5) Prerequisite: consent of director of EMBA program. This course is designed to give the Executive M.B.A. student an introduction to the American legal system and insight into the total environment in which the executive operates. The course examines the role of business in society and the interaction of business with the law and various elements that shape and control the firm's existence. The course stresses that all business exists within a framework of law. The course examines the legal environment with emphasis on current areas of practical concern to the executive.

EMBA 825. Strategic Marketing Management. (5) Prerequisite: consent of director of EMBA program. The purpose of this course is to provide students with an understanding of the current and future problems faced by the marketing manager. Emphasis is placed on the practical applications of the theories developed in marketing and related literature. More specifically, the marketing mix, including product, price, promotion, and place, is discussed in relation to the environmental characteristics, including competition, technology, governmental regulation, and recent megatrends. Special attention is also given to market opportunity analysis, marketing tactics, marketing strategy and decision making, and evaluation.

EMBA 835. Global Operations Management. (5) Prerequisite: consent of director of EMBA program. This course provides a survey of the strategic issues involved in managing the operations function. Special emphasis is placed on those firms operating in international markets. Key topics include competitive and comparative advantage through operations, productivity, project management, technology management, multinational firm operations, and quality, inventory, and production control systems.

EMBA 838. Directed Readings in Executive M.B.A. Program. (1-5) Prerequisite: consent of director of EMBA program, good academic standing.

EMBA 840. Managerial Economics. (5) Prerequisite: consent of director of EMBA program. (Replaces EMBA 830/870.) This course uses the basic tools of microeconomics and macroeconomics to analyze management decisions and the competitive strategies of firms in a market economy. Microeconomic concepts of supply and demand, production, cost, and market structure are combined with the macroeconomic issues of aggregate demand and supply and national income determination to develop an analysis of the overall economic environment in which firms operate.

EMBA 845. Corporate Financial Management I. (5) Prerequisite: consent of director of EMBA program. This course embraces the conceptual and practical problems associated with financial management of the nonfinancial corporation. Following a review of the tools and practice of financial analysis and related institutional background, topics considered are, in brief, analysis of funds commitments to current assets, short-term financing, evaluation and choice of capital assets under risk, and investment policy as it influences the market value of corporate claims. Some attention is focused on application of linear programming to simultaneous composition of current assets and liabilities. Corporate financial management practices in other countries are presented, contrasted, and evaluated. Case analysis is employed to join theory with decision making. Personal computers are used as a supporting technique.

EMBA 850. Corporate Financial Management II. (5) Prerequisite: consent of director of EMBA program. This course focuses on the determination and evaluation of the corporate capital strategies. Topics considered include financial structure, leasing, cost of capital, dividend policy, and valuation. The financial topics are combined with the investment strategies to yield a synthetic view of financing-investment interactions and their impact on firm value. The related topics of mergers, acquisitions, and leveraged buyouts are addressed. Case analysis in the classroom will draw upon the background readings in the professional and academic literature and from the lectures. Personal computers are used as a supporting technique.

EMBA 855. Managerial Accounting and Control Systems. (5) Prerequisite: consent of director of EMBA program. This course is a study of managerial accounting and control systems and of the use of costing and other accounting information in decision making. It includes the use of information systems technology in management decisions as well as planning and designing management control systems.

EMBA 860. Information Technology and Business Strategy. (5) Prerequisite: consent of director of EMBA program. This course engages the student in understanding and exploiting the inter-dependency between business strategy, organizational functioning, and information technology (I/T). Five areas are examined. In the introductory session a comprehensive overview of the information technology terrain is undertaken. Next, information technology as a driver in the organizational environment is evaluated. This is followed by an assessment of the role that information technology plays in organizational structure and function. Fourth, issues of information technology deployment are examined. Finally the alignment of information technology with corporate strategy is discussed.

EMBA 865. International Management Practices. (3) Prerequisite: consent of director of EMBA program. The course entails an overseas visit to observe directly foreign business concepts and practices. Students visit a series of business offices, government offices, and factories. Presentations are made by senior officials from each organization, and tours of the facilities are usually scheduled.

EMBA 875. Strategic Planning and Policy Formulation. (5) Prerequisite: consent of director of EMBA program. This course is designed to give the student the opportunity to develop conceptual skills needed by higher-level managers. Emphasis is given to the integration of subject matter from the other courses in the EMBA Program. Subject matter stressed includes the development of organizational strategy, decision making within the framework of a strategy, the planning process, the formulation of objectives and policies, and management of change.

Finance

Courses Equivalent to Prerequisites: The satisfactory completion of a course or courses equivalent in content to one stated as a prerequisite will fulfill that prerequisite.

Fi 820. Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management. (5) Prerequisite: BA 862. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course teaches the construction and management of optimal investment portfolios utilizing primary investment instruments such as common stocks, bonds, options and futures contracts. The main topics covered include the organization and operation of securities markets (both domestic and international), the notion of risk and return, and strategies for optimal diversification of risk. Other important topics covered include models for determining the values of different securities, theories of interest rates and the measurement of portfolio performance. The course is taught mainly through lectures and class discussions of textual materials.

Fi 821. Seminar in Investment Management. (5) Prerequisite: Fi 820. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This seminar explores in greater breadth and depth than possible in Fi 820 the practical aspects of investment analysis and portfolio management. The investment objectives, needs, and constraints of individual investors and different types of institutional investors are all considered. Practical aspects of investment analysis and portfolio management are introduced through lectures and class discussions of journal articles and of cases. An important thrust of the seminar is student analysis and management of a real-life portfolio, the GSU Department of Finance Investment Teaching Fund. Investment decisions are made in the fund in a manner consistent with its investment policy and the prevailing global investment setting.

Fi 825. Derivative Markets. (5) Prerequisite: BA 862. CSP: 1, 2. This course focuses on the valuation, uses and regulation of derivative instruments -- whose values are derived from the prices of underlying assets such as stocks and bonds, commodities, interest rates and foreign exchange. The course is presented from the perspective of the corporate manager who uses these valuable risk-shifting products for controlling market risks. Coverage is presented of exchange-traded instruments such as futures and options as well as off-exchange instruments including swaps and structured products such as hybrids.

Fi 831. Financial Management of Operations. (5) Prerequisite: BA 862. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course considers problems arising in the selection of assets by nonfinancial firms in the perspective of shareholder value creation. One main focus is the economic analysis of cash flows arising from short-term and long-term assets. This develops the foundation of capital budgeting. A second emphasis of the course is integration of the management of the firm's current asset and current liability position. This develops the foundation of working capital management. Optimization techniques are used to achieve this integration. Also, models of individual asset and current liability optimization are considered. Reliance is placed on a variety of vehicles, including case studies, lectures, and group projects. Assigned readings from the finance literature provide background material.

Fi 832. Corporate Financial Policy. (5) Prerequisite: BA 862. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course focuses on the determination and evaluation of corporate capital strategies. Topics considered will include financial structure, cost of capital, dividend policy, market imperfections, signalling, information asymmetries, and valuation. These financing topics will be combined with the investment strategies to yield an integrated view of the impact of financing and investing on firm value. Models of leverage and dividend/re-investment policies will be developed. Situational analysis in the classroom will draw upon the background of readings from the professional literature and from lectures.

Fi 835. Corporate Financial Strategy. (5) Prerequisite: Fi 831 or Fi 832. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This case-based policy-oriented course addresses the interaction of product-market strategies and financial strategies. Topics considered include valuation framework, the convergence of strategic planning and financial theory, the theory of options and its application to business strategy, the financial, strategic, and corporate governance determinants of shareholder value, and the process of value creation. These multidisciplinary topics are synthesized to yield an integrated view of the evolving modern finance function. Models of shareholder value creation and value drivers are developed. Reliance is placed on a variety of teaching vehicles, including case studies, lectures, and group projects. A core number of cases treats the international dimensions of value creation.

Fi 838. Directed Readings in Finance. (1-5) Prerequisites: BA 862, consent of instructor, good academic standing.

Fi 840. Financial Management of Depository Financial Services Firms. (5) Prerequisite: BA 862. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course addresses financial management of firms that specialize in deposit-type financial assets (i.e., commercial banks and bank holding companies, savings organizations, and credit unions). Specific topics include: the economic foundation of depository financial institutions, legal/regulatory structure, market dynamics, performance analysis, asset/liability management, liquidity management, funds acquisition, capital management, and other risk/return management issues. One area not covered is loan analysis since that topic is treated in great depth in Fi 844.

Fi 842. The Financial System. (5) Prerequisite: BA 862. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This is a macro-finance course, focusing on the broad issue of funds flows through the entire economy. The course analyzes the dynamic and complex pattern of world-wide funds flows, the identity of the major players in the system and the factors influencing their behavior in financial markets, the basis for the myriad financial assets available, the crucial importance of a well-developed financial system for economic development, the influence of the legal/regulatory system, and financial innovation. Special attention is placed on the structure and role of interest rates.

Fi 843. Multinational Bank Management. (2 ) Prerequisite: Fi 849; corequisite: Fi 840. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course deals with international dimensions of domestic commercial bank management as well as the global perspective of multinational banks. Funds procurement including offshore borrowing, foreign lending and syndicated loans, financial product designn, and investment banking are analyzed in a global setting. The role of government regulations and prominence of offshore financial markets are highlighted for planning and decision-making purposes.

Fi 844. Commercial Loan Analysis. (5) Prerequisite: BA 862. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course provides students with the skills to analyze a business, determine its funding needs, and design a financing structure to satisfy those needs (primarily, private debt instruments). Discussion will include pricing and interest rate risk modification tools (e.g., swaps, floors, caps). The principal teaching method is case analysis and a significant course objective is the development of communication skills. The case mix includes companies of all sizes but places particular emphasis on small and medium sized firms. Students will have the opportunity to evaluate the needs of a variety of businesses that differ with respect to type, industry, profitability, growth, seasonality, cyclicality, and degree of distress.

Fi 849. Foundations for International Finance. (2 ) Prerequisite: BA 862. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course deals with the conceptual aspects of financial decision making in multinational firms in a global economic environment. The students are introduced to foreign exchange risk with special emphasis on the mechanics of foreign exchange and related derivatives markets as well as the parity conditions in international finance. Institutional realities of regional economic blocks, foreign exchange regimes, euromarkets, and balance of payments are discussed to highlight their impact on financial management. This course serves as a foundation for Fi 843 and Fi 850.

Fi 850. Financial Management of the Nonfinancial Multinational Firm. (5) Prerequisite: Fi 849; corequisite: Fi 831 or Fi 832. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course covers various aspects of the financial management of the nonfinancial multinational firm in a global setting. It deals with currency exposure management, capital expenditure processes, capital structure decision, and short- and long-term financing strategies in the presence of impediments to market integration such as reporting requirements, taxes, and regulations. The phenomena of globalization and multinational firms are examined from a variety of conceptual viewpoints and their policy implications are analyzed using cases.

Fi 895. Mathematical Methods in Contemporary Financial Theory. (5) Prerequisites: Math 335, Math 365, or their equivalents; and consent of instructor. CSP: 6. This course develops techniques of mathematics useful in a variety of problems in finance, including asset pricing, consumption and portfolio choice, contingent claim valuation, and the game and economic theory underlying financial markets and institutions and corporate finance. Topics covered may include relevant parts of the theory of topological vector spaces, convex analysis, probability theory, stochastic processes, the stochastic calculus, dynamical systems, dynamic programming and stochastic control theory. The techniques covered will depend on the needs of the doctoral program and the instructor.

Fi 921. Seminar in the Theory of Investments. (5) Prerequisites: Fi 895, Fi 925; or consent of instructor. CSP: 6. This seminar will expose the student to the basic theoretical paradigms of contemporary investments research. Topics which may be covered include: portfolio theory, two-fund separation, mean-variance analysis, contingent-claim pricing, consumption-based asset pricing theory, asset pricing in a rational expectations setting, and the microstructure of securities markets. The specific topics covered will depend on the needs of the doctoral program and the instructor.

Fi 925. The Theory of Asset Valuation. (5) Prerequisite: Fi 895 or consent of instructor. CSP: 6. This course will acquaint students with the modern theory of asset valuation. Topics covered may include the relationship between no-arbitrage conditions and the existence of equilibrium pricing measures, spanning, market completeness and the uniqueness of the pricing functional, and the pricing of derivative securities in both continuous-time and discrete stochastic economies. The specific topics covered will depend on the needs of the doctoral program and the instructor.

Fi 930. Seminar in Corporate Finance. (5) Prerequisites: Fi 895 or consent of instructor. CSP: 6. This course will acquaint students with the theory of corporate finance as well as some of the related empirical evidence. Topics covered may include: the effect of taxes and transactions costs on corporate capital structure, bondholder-stockholder and stockholder-manager agency conflicts, the effect of informational asymmetry between firms and outside investors on financial decisions, the design of securities, the design of optimal control mechanisms, theory of corporate control, bankruptcy and corporate restructuring, shareholder heterogeneity, and the role of institutional investors in corporate governance. The specific topics covered will depend on the needs of the doctoral program and the instructor.

Fi 940. Theory of Financial Management of Financial Institutions. (5) Prerequisite: Fi 895 or consent of instructor. CSP: 6. This course will develop the theory of the financial markets and institutions which link suppliers and users of investment capital. Topics which may be covered include: the reasons for the existence of financial intermediaries, productivity of financial institutions, the determinants of interest rates, the pricing of interest-rate-contingent instruments, optimal regulatory policies for financial institutions, the capital structure and hedging policies of institutions, market microstructure and non-depository financial intermediation, bank credit policies and credit rationing, macro finance, and the role of intermediaries in supplying liquidity. The specific topics covered will depend on the needs of the doctoral program and the instructor.

Fi 945. Advanced Topics in Contemporary Finance Research. (5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor. CSP: 6. This doctoral-level course will be devoted to analyzing significant topics in finance research. Topics covered in the course will vary across a wide spectrum of possible areas and methodologies in finance research. The course may be repeated when the topics vary.

Health Administration

Courses Equivalent to Prerequisites: The satisfactory completion of a course or courses equivalent in content to one stated as a prerequisite will fulfill that prerequisite.

HA 816. Medical Care Concepts and Analysis. (5) Prerequisite: none. This course introduces and describes the health delivery system and the resources that comprise it. The theoretical basis for the system as well as the principal means of system organization and evaluation are discussed.

HA 817. Health Policy and Finance. (5) (Replaced by HA 819.)

HA 819. Health Policy and Ethics. (5) Prerequisite: HA 816. (Replaces HA 817.) This course concentrates on health policy issues and ethical issues in the delivery and organization of health services. Examination of policy issues will focus on the relative roles of the public and private sectors and the control procedures used to implement these policies. Examination of biomedical and managerial ethical issues will focus on developing a framework for analyzing ethical problems from the perspectives of the health care provider, community needs, and the patient or consumer of health care services.

HA 825. Health and Hospital Economics. (5) Prerequisites: Ec 202, HA 816, HA 819. Central problems in the economics of health and hospitals will be discussed in the context of a variety of conceptual and empirical models. The allocation of scarce resources among alternative uses to achieve the best results will be analyzed from the perspectives of the public interest and the private interest, efficiency and equity, the present and the future.

HA 838. Directed Readings in Health Administration. (1-5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor, good academic standing. HA 844. Organization and Administration of Health Care Institutions. (5) Prerequisites: HA 816, HA 819. This course is designed to provide a detailed understanding of the organization of the hospital, and involves the analysis of management problems and operations within the hospital environment.

HA 845. Legal Environment of Health Care. (5) (Same as LglS 845.) Prerequisites: HA 816, HA 819. This course deals with those aspects of law of most direct concern to personnel in health administration, including health application of the law of contracts, torts, criminal law, administrative law, hospital law, welfare law and public health law.

HA 846. Human Resource Management in Health Care. (5) Prerequisites: HA 816, HA 819. This course is intended to provide a knowledge of personnel administration and labor relations in hospitals and health care organizations. Emphasis is on what the hospital and health care administrator needs to know vis-a-vis the role of the governing board, personnel director, and labor attorney.

HA 855. Health Planning and Alternate Delivery Systems. (5) Prerequisites: HA 816, HA 819, BA 864. CSP: 1. This course deals with the formulation of policies and practices that guide the delivery of health care and the planning required to implement these policies on a systems and institutional level. Governmental, professional, and consumer policy-making planning procedures and techniques will be studied.

HA 862. Operations Management and Quality in Health Care. (5) Prerequisite: HA 816, HA 819. CSP: 1. This course is an introduction to the application of operations management techniques to healthcare organizations. Topics include: systems theory, waiting lines and queuing theory, quality assurance, project management, facility location and design, health information systems, work design and productivity, forecasting, and simulation.

HA 863. Managed Care. (5) Prerequisites: HA 816, HA 819. This course examines the managed care industry, including health maintenance organizations, preferred provider organizations, physician hospital organizations, medical staff organizations, etc. The managed care industry will be explored from the perspective of: hospital, physician, management services organization, self-insured employer and patient. The course will detail the importance of quality assurance and risk management, underwriting marketing, and negotiating managed care plans. The course will briefly examine management information systems, legal issues and the determinants of success.

HA 868. Ambulatory Care Management. (5) Prerequisite: HA 816. This course focuses on the management of ambulatory care components of the health care system. In particular, the administrative management of medical practices is emphasized. Topics relating to ambulatory care management include organization and legal issues, financial management, operations management, human resources, strategic management, managed care, management information systems, and quality assessment.

HA 881. Administrative Residency and Survey I. (5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor. This course is the initial part of a three-course series of practical administrative education in a hospital or health care setting with an experienced health administrator serving as a preceptor. It is designed to provide the student with a model of administrative behavior and to acquaint him or her with health care institutions and their problems while providing supervised practice in administration.

HA 882. Administrative Residency and Survey II. (5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor. This course is the second part of the three-course series of practical administrative education in a hospital or health care setting with an experienced health administrator serving as a preceptor.

HA 883. Administrative Residency and Survey III. (5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor. This course is the final part of a three-course series of practical administrative education in a hospital or health care setting with an experienced health administrator serving as a preceptor.

HA 899. Strategic Policy in Health Care. (5) Prerequisites: HA 816, HA 819, HA 844. This is a capstone course designed to give the student an opportunity to develop conceptual skills needed by top-level health care managers. Emphasis is given to the integration of subject matter from health administration courses and business administration courses. Subject matter stressed includes: (1) development of organizational strategy in health care institutions, (2) the strategic planning process, (3) formulation of objectives and policies, and (4) the management of change in the health care industry.

International Business

Courses Equivalent to Prerequisites: The satisfactory completion of a course or courses equivalent in content to one stated as a prerequisite will fulfill that prerequisite.

IB 808. International Legal Process. (5) Prerequisite: none. A survey of international law with emphasis on a realistic appreciation of its role in international problems political, economic, and business.

IB 809. International Business Environment. (5) Prerequisite: none. The course is divided into two parts. The first part provides the student with an intensive study of the changing economic, political, and cultural environment in which the American businessman conducts his affairs abroad. The second part of the course encompasses the specific problems with which the international businessman must deal, such as marketing, community relationships, labor relations, organization, financial management, and operating policies, and the ways in which these problems may be approached.

IB 818. Comparative Business Systems. (5) Prerequisite: none. The major purpose of this course is to provide an in-depth analysis of selected foreign business systems and a conceptual framework for analyzing any business system. Each business system is viewed as resulting from the joint interaction of cultural, educational, economic, and political constraints, and, in several instances, this dependency will be shown to be reversed. In short, the firm and the environment are studied as a dynamic symbiotic relationship.

IB 838. Directed Readings in International Business. (1-5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor, good academic standing.

IB 840. International Exchange Program Transfer Credit. (1-5 repeatable) Prerequisite: acceptance to a CBA International Exchange Program. This course is provided as a vehicle for awarding transfer credit to graduate students who successfully complete coursework as part of an international exchange program of the College of Business Administration.

IB 848. International Investments. (2 ) Prerequisite: Fi 849; corequisite: Fi 820. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course is designed to familiarize students with the international aspects of securities investment and portfolio management. Topics covered range from international portfolio diversification and risk management to the measurement of investment returns and risks for a wide variety of financial securities traded in the global market-place. Course lectures will be supplemented by case studies. Similarly, the textbook will be supplemented by handouts on topics such as sovereign risk, current regulatory, legal and tax frameworks, and various accounting and financial reporting practices. Students completing this course will be able to critically analyze a broad range of potential investment opportunities unique to the international business environment.

IB 868. Technology and Global Competition. (5) Prerequisite: none. The role of technology in determining corporate success or failure is well acknowledged in the literature. This course is designed to place technology on par with other corporate resources in the design and execution of effective competitive strategy. Designed specifically for tomorrow's managers, the course views technology broadly. Readings and discussions will cover product, process and information technology, as they form a centerpiece in corporate strategies. Also, the course aims to highlight the role of the general manager in developing and implementing a successful global technology strategy. In addition, the course will examine the influence of national cultures and policies on the design and execution of the company's global technology strategy.

IB 871. International Information Technology Issues and Policy. (5) CSP: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6. This course focuses on issues surrounding the development and use of information technology in the international arena. Some of these issues include infrastructure, hardware and software availability, user-interface issues, language barriers, cross-cultural effects, transborder data-flows, privacy, standards, copyright infringements, software piracy, international networks and strategic systems. This conceptual foundation will lead to the exploration and analysis of policy ramifications for both organizational policy and national computer policy board levels.

IB 899. Policy and Strategy in the International Marketplace. (5) Prerequisite: IB 809 and either Ec 885 or Ec 886; or consent of instructor. NOTE: M.B.A. students with the international business major or concentration may substitute this course for BA 899 in the M.B.A. core. This course develops the planning and conceptual skills required of general managers in multi-national firms. Emphasis is given to the integration of the marketing, finance, research and development, operations and human resource management functions to provide a competitive advantage for an international competitor.

IB 938. Directed Readings in International Business. (1-5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor, good academic standing.

Legal Studies

Courses Equivalent to Prerequisites: The satisfactory completion of a course or courses equivalent in content to one stated as a prerequisite will fulfill that prerequisite.

LglS 805. Legal Principles for Business. (5) Prerequisite: none. A survey of the legal system, torts, contracts, property, bailments, sales, commercial paper, secured transactions, agency and employment, and business organizations. Analysis through the use of cases with emphasis on legal research.

LglS 810. Insurance Law. (5) (Same as RMI 810.) Prerequisite: none. CSP: 1, 6. A study of the legal concepts and doctrines applicable to the field of insurance. Basic legal problems of the principal branches of insurance are dealt with including fire, marine, casualty, and life insurance.

LglS 815. Wills, Trusts and Estates. (5) Prerequisite: none. This course deals with the substantive law concerning wills and intestate administration, and basic types of trusts, the pertinent provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, the problems of estate administration, and principles of estate planning.

LglS 838. Directed Readings in Legal Studies. (1-5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor, good academic standing.

LglS 840. Legal and Regulatory Environment of Real Estate. (5) (Same as RE 804.) Prerequisite: none. This course deals with the basic legal concepts and legal instruments associated with real estate and with the legal and governmental environment within which the use and development of real estate are regulated. Attention is given to various kinds of regulations and to regulatory processes with emphasis upon decision making by the private sector to cope with these processes.

LglS 845. Legal Environment of Health Care. (5) (Same as HA 845.) Prerequisite: HA 816, HA 819. This course deals with those aspects of the law of most direct concern to personnel in health administration including health applications of the law of contracts, torts, criminal law, administrative law, hospital law, welfare law, and public health law.

Management

Courses Equivalent to Prerequisites: The satisfactory completion of a course or courses equivalent in content to one stated as a prerequisite will fulfill that prerequisite.

Mgt 815. Organizations, Work, and Literature. (5) Prerequisite: none. This course is an examination of the treatment of business specifically and organizations generally in literature. This course is designed to aid students in viewing organizations from an external perspective, with the prospect of developing an in-depth understanding of organizations and their leaders. Overviews of the organizations are stressed by using an interdisciplinary approach to the study of various bureaucracies, businesses, governments, and other forms of organizations. Poets, fiction writers, essayists, and others comment through their works on modern organized life, work, the "organization man and woman," and organizational values. Philosophies of leadership are considered, with accompanying attention paid to policy making and direction by organization leaders.

Mgt 820. Theory of Organization. (5) Prerequisite: none. This course is a universally applicable study of business organizations and their structure. Basic organizational factors and associated concepts are presented and analyzed. Principles, practices, methods, and criteria are stressed.

Mgt 825. Entrepreneurship and Enterprise. (5) Prerequisites: Fi 330, Mk 301, and Mgt 350, or consent of instructor. In this course it is recognized that a student may elect to go into business for himself or herself as an alternative to working for the large corporation. The course provides an in-depth study of the life style of the entrepreneur. Actual business opportunities are analyzed via group feasibility projects. The relationship of the entrepreneur to the formation and growth of the enterprise is studied.

Mgt 838. Directed Readings in Management. (1-5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor, good academic standing.

Mgt 840. Interpersonal Dynamics in Organizations. (5) Prerequisite: none. This course is designed to help the student understand the dynamic complexities of individual behavior in groups within organizations. The course provides an opportunity to develop skills in working as both a member and a leader in work groups and in diagnosing and solving problems between varying units of the organization.

Mgt 841. Organizational Communications. (5) Prerequisite: none. This course provides an understanding of the importance of communication within organizations and knowledge of the nature of the communications process; it promotes the ability to analyze and deal with communications potentials and problems as part of the organizing process.

Mgt 844. Work Team Design and Development. (5) Prerequisite: BA 841. This course provides a structured approach to designing, implementing, and developing work teams in organizations. Topics include: work teams as a vehicle to improving organizational performance, designing a team-based organization, work team implementation issues, training and developing teams, team building programs, and leadership in a team-based organization.

Mgt 845. Organizational Development and Change. (5) Prerequisites: BA 841, Mgt 820. This course is designed to train theorists/researchers/practitioners in organizational development and change. It provides an overview of the theory and practice of making organizations more effective by changing individual attitudes and behaviors, group relationships, and organizational cultures. An experiential approach to organizational development interventions and methods is offered.

Mgt 851. Operations Planning and Control. (5) Prerequisite: BA 865 or consent of instructor. CSP: 1. Design of information and decision systems for allocating resources and scheduling activities. Emphasis is on developing conceptual structures for guiding the design of integrated planning and control systems in complex, changing environments. Topics include inventory control, forecasting, capacity planning, scheduling, material and resource requirements planning, and the design of computer-based systems for integrated planning and control.

Mgt 854. Production/Operations Strategy. (5) Prerequisite: BA 865. This course addresses the development and implementation of production/operations strategy and the integration of this strategy with the corporate, business, and other functional strategies of the organization. Topics include alternate production strategies and their characteristics, strategy selection, technology management, organization design for operations, integration of information technology into the production environment, and implementation of operations strategy.

Mgt 855. Applications of Simulation in Management. (5) Prerequisite: BA 804. CSP: 1. This course studies the application of computer-based simulation models as management tools in planning, policy formulation, systems analysis/design, research, and training. In addition, the course covers the process by which simulation models are developed, validated, and experimentally manipulated. Exposure to a high level language is also included.

Mgt 856. Principles of Quality Management. (5) Prerequisite: BA 865 or Mgt 470. This course addresses a strategic, structured approach to the design and development of quality management programs in manufacturing and services. Both the analytical and the behavioral aspects of quality management are addressed. Topics include the strategic importance of quality to organization success and the importance of customer orientation and human resources management in a total quality management program.

Mgt 857. Productivity and Quality Improvement Programs. (5) Prerequisite: BA 804 and BA 865 or consent of instructor. This course is directed toward the tactical implementation of productivity and quality improvement programs in organizations. Productivity measurement and planning are emphasized. Emphasis is placed on the Deming approach and other applied approaches to quality improvement.

Mgt 860. International Management. (5) Prerequisite: IB 809 or consent of instructor. This course is intended to serve both as a capstone to the international business program and as an elective for advanced management students. It examines the major policy and operational questions facing international firms today and in the years to come. Its focus is the interrelationship of external environment and internal resources that results in both broad corporate policies and specific operational practices among multinational firms. The various international competitive models which emerge in different industries will be examined in terms of their environmental and corporate determinants, as well as the effects that the emerging patterns have on operational policies and procedures. The course employs cases, a project by which the student prepares an international strategy for a firm of his or her choosing, and a negotiation simulation as principal instructional vehicles.

Mgt 865. Philosophy and Methodology of International Management. (5) Prerequisites: BA 841 and consent of instructor. The objective of this course is to help students develop an understanding of the discipline of management from a global perspective. Historical and comparative approaches are used to trace the discipline from its beginning days to modern times. This global perspective is then used to examine selected contemporary challenges in international management.

Mgt 866. Management and Cross-National Environments. (5) Prerequisites: BA 841, consent of instructor. This course involves an analysis of the impact of cultural, economic, societal, and related influences on the practice of management. Concepts and practices of organizing, motivating employees, labor/management relations, and other concerns are examined in different national settings. The human element in the managerial process is emphasized, and situational influences are identified and analyzed. An extensive international on-site program is an integral part of the course.

Mgt 870. Contemporary Management Philosophy. (5) Prerequisite: none. Various approaches to the management process will be analyzed. Attention is focused on such topics as social, political, ethical, and religious factors having bearing on management decisions. Emphasis is placed on the development of a philosophy of management by each student through a critical examination of current managerial thought and action in our social and economic systems.

Mgt 881. Management Planning. (5) Prerequisite: none. This course presents the body of theory underlying management planning. It studies the body of knowledge concerning decision making for strategic management, the design of organizational planning systems, and the implementation of strategic programs.

Mgt 882. Project Management. (5) Prerequisite: BA 804. CSP: 1. This course covers management techniques that are applicable to a wide variety of project types, including: information systems development, business start-ups, marketing campaigns, facility relocations, construction, research, and special events. Emphasis is on processes for scheduling, budgeting, and controlling projects. The selection and application of project management software are addressed. Other topics include project organizational structures, qualifications and roles of the project manager, project leadership, team building, and the management of conflict and stress in projects.

Mgt 888. Management of the Future. (5) Prerequisite: none. The purpose of this course is to provide the student with insight into the contingencies and exigencies he or she may encounter as a manager or management scholar in the future. Understanding of the future will be approached from various perspectives. Attention will be focused on futuristic forecasts from novelists, physical and social scientists, and management scholars and practitioners. The methods and basis of forecasting will be analyzed. The probable range of change in technology will be considered, and effects this change will have on society will be weighed. With the preceding discussions as background, an in-depth analysis of management in the future will be conducted. Emphasis will be placed on the development of a philosophy for the manager of the future.

Mgt 896. Seminar in the Design of Operating Systems. (5) Prerequisite: BA 865 or consent of instructor. An integrated examination of the significant literature on the design and improvement of production/operating systems. Topics include innovation processes, technological forecasting, product and process design, facilities location and layout, job design, production standards, incentive systems, and productivity improvement.

Mgt 900. Seminar in Structural Aspects of Policy Formation. (5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor. The major emphasis is on the various structural factors that influence policy formulation and implementation and on descriptive theory. The forces which combine to determine what policies are formulated, how they are formulated, and how they are implemented are considered. Whenever possible the findings from research are integrated into the discussion.

Mgt 910. Seminar in Management. (5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor. This course is designed to encourage breadth of study and understanding of the field. It has the general objectives of development of an individual or personal philosophy of management. Although broad in scope, the course stresses an integrated conception of administrative processes involved in organizations. Current, as well as past, management thought is discussed and working concepts are evolved which would have significance for the future.

Mgt 920. Seminar in Organizational Behavior. (5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Operating from an interdisciplinary framework, the Seminar in Organizational Behavior is designed to explore the function, structure, and goals of organizations as political, social, and economic units. Emphasis in this course is placed primarily upon the patterns of relationships that are manifested during the various phases of organizational development. Special attention is also given to all forms and types of research, both of an ephemeral and classical nature, which provide an understanding of the complexities of organization and organizational behavior.

Mgt 925. Reading Seminar in Management. (1-10) Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

Mgt 930. Methodology of Behavioral Research in Organizations. (5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor. This course entails the intensive study and analysis of various research and statistical methods in the behavioral sciences toward the solution of problems in industry, business, government, and education. The objective of this course is to prepare the student for independent and meaningful empirical organizational research utilizing the methodology of the behavioral sciences. For each of several topics, the student will be provided a list of methodological sources, applications, and discussion questions. Students will be called upon in class to demonstrate their mastery of these concepts, methodologies, and their attendant applications.

Mgt 940. Seminar in Organization Design and Implementation. (5) Prerequisites: BA 841, Mgt 820, Mgt 920, or consent of instructor. This seminar is designed to train theorists/researchers/practitioners in the design, redesign, and implementation of effective organizations. The seminar will focus on the analysis, planning, implementation, and evaluation of both the social and technical systems of organizations with emphasis on the structural changes necessary to improve and maintain productivity and the quality of work life.

Mgt 950. Seminar in Advanced Topics in Contemporary Behavior. (5) Prerequisites: Mgt 920, DSc 882, DSc 884, DSc 886. This course will be devoted to the investigation of significant topics in organizational behavior. The course can be repeated when the topics vary. This course is intended primarily for advanced doctoral students. Topics will be announced in advance.

Mgt 960. Seminar in Operations Management. (5) Prerequisites: Mgt 851, Mgt 896. This seminar examines the major problem areas, research findings, and research methodologies of operations management. Emphasis is on the critical evaluation of current theory and methodology and the development of research proposals.

Marketing

Courses Equivalent to Prerequisites: The satisfactory completion of a course or courses equivalent in content to one stated as a prerequisite will fulfill that prerequisite.

Mk 820. Marketing Communications and Promotions. (5) Prerequisite: BA 864. This course focuses on the planning, implementation, and control of marketing communications programs. Students will learn about various forms of marketing communications, including advertising, sales promotion, direct marketing, packaging, and public relations. (Sales managment, which is also part of the promotional mix, is covered in Mk 825.) The course combines a managerial approach with a public policy perspective, showing how marketing communications reflect and affect the environment in which we live.

Mk 825. Sales Management. (5) Prerequisite: BA 864. This course examines the role and formulation of the strategic sales program. Specific issues include factors which shape that program, its successful implementation, and an evaluation of results. Various sales management topics, such as territory design, motivation, compensation, and ethics, are examined. The course emphasizes a mix of conceptual and applied information to provide a balanced view of sales management.

Mk 830. Marketing Research. (5) Prerequisite: BA 864. CSP: 1, 2, 3. The purpose of marketing research is to generate information to improve decision making. This course focuses on determining when research should be conducted and designing the appropriate means for gathering and interpreting information. The course examines issues from the perspective of both the manager and the researcher by relying on extensive readings, cases and assignments.

Mk 831. Advanced Marketing Research Methodology. (5) Prerequisite: Mk 830. CSP: 1, 2, 3. This course is a continuation in greater depth of the material presented in Mk 830, Marketing Research , with emphasis on application of research methodology to marketing problems. Students will gain greater hands-on experience through designing and conducting a study for an external entity or extensive case studies. Topics include developing research objectives, questionnaire design, sampling, quantitative analysis and report writing.

Mk 838. Directed Readings in Marketing. (1-5) Prerequisites: BA 864, consent of instructor, good academic standing.

Mk 840. Buyer Behavior. (5) Prerequisite: BA 864. This course provides an opportunity for study of the behavior of buyers of business-to-business and consumer goods and services. Objectives include (1) increasing the student's understanding of buyers and their behavior and (2) providing the student with experience in applying this knowledge in marketing management decisions. Topics such as life style analysis, organization, individual and family decision making, consumerism, behavioral models, attitude formation and change, information seeking, and market segmentation will be explored using readings, projects and case materials.

Mk 845. Marketing to Older Consumers. (5) Prerequisite: BA 864. This course is designed to provide the student interested in marketing to older adults with in-depth knowledge of the factors that are important in developing marketing strategies. The course helps the student understand the physiological and psychosocial changes that are associated with advancing age and how these changes create needs for specific products and services, as well as preferences for marketing communication and distribution channels. Marketing applications of theories and research findings are stressed throughout the course.

Mk 851. Business-to-Business Marketing. (5) Prerequisite: BA 864. This course focuses on strategy development for marketers whose customers include the government, commercial organizations, and institutions. It explores the buying behavior of business customers and business market segmentation and highlights how the new product development process for such customers differs from the process used to develop consumer products. Other special topics include international market entry decisions (joint ventures, licensing, franchising, etc.) price bidding strategies, product distribution strategies (like JIT), and new trends in personal selling.

Mk 855. Channels of Distribution. (5) Prerequisite: BA 864. This course provides the student with an in-depth analysis of the social, economic and political relationships among the various institutions comprising marketing channels. Although some attention will be paid to the institutions themselves (e.g., direct sales forces, manufacturer's reps, retailers, wholesalers, franchisors and franchisees), the course primarily focuses on the interaction between decisions involving channel choice and the management of the channels. A discussion format is used; case studies and other materials are included.

Mk 860. International Marketing. (5) Prerequisite: BA 864. This course focuses on the management of the marketing function in the multinational firm as marketing mix decisions are made based on interrelationships between marketing and the environment. It explores how consumer behavior patterns and institutions differ in various parts of the world. The course emphasizes the challenge of decision making which balances the need for adaptation of the marketing mix to local conditions against the savings possible through global standardization of marketing strategy.

Mk 865. Product Management. (5) Prerequisite: BA 864. CSP: 1, 2, 3. The objective of this course is to familiarize students with applications of planning techniques for new products. The course will emphasize the use of market research data and marketing models for new product development and management. The main topics to be covered in this course are: idea generation, concept evaluation, optimal product design, test marketing, product positioning, market segmentation, marketing share estimation, product packaging, advertising testing, pricing, brand name selection, brand equity and global product planning.

Mk 871. Marketing Models. (5) Prerequisite: BA 864. CSP: 1, 2, 3, 4. This course provides the student with an overview of modeling of marketing systems, their development and evaluation. The primary emphasis of the course is the integration of modeling in functional marketing areas in the decision-making process. Topics include the application of mathematical programming, forecasting, simulation, and linear modeling to marketing.

Mk 880. Strategic Market Planning. (5) Prerequisite: BA 864. This course is designed to enhance the participant's skills in analyzing market threats and opportunities, assessing the durability of competitive advantages, forecasting patterns of market evolution, and developing business plans that are consistent with these assessments. Specific topics include methods of market analysis and decision making in multi-product and multi-unit businesses. The course is often supplemented with case analyses and a group project which examines the strategic posture of an existing firm.

Mk 885. Marketing by Nonprofit Organizations. (5) Prerequisite: BA 864. This course focuses on the application of marketing management strategies, tactics, and techniques to the special needs of nonprofit organizations. Such topics as customer orientation, the product offering, pricing considerations, distribution channels, and communication strategies are explored by use of texts, selected readings, and case analysis. The control and evaluation of marketing programs are also emphasized.

Mk 915. Marketing Theory. (5) Prerequisite: BA 864. This course offers a critical review of the scholarly literature in marketing, with primary focus on developing and evaluating theories to explain the functioning of the marketing process. The purpose of this course is to assist doctoral candidates in gaining a better understanding of social science and the scientific method. Students will also examine ideas and concepts which form the basis of various schools of marketing thought.

Mk 920. Seminar in Marketing. (5) Prerequisite: BA 864. This course consists of supervised study and investigation of specific topics and problems in the field of marketing (e.g., consumer behavior, organizational buying behavior, structural equation modeling, channels of distribution, and marketing models). May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

Mk 935. Research Seminar in Marketing. (5) Prerequisite: BA 864. CSP: 1, 4. In this course, students examine the philosophy, concepts and methods of marketing research design. Topics include experimental methods, sampling procedures, measurement techniques and other methodological problems in marketing research. The focus of the seminar is on the application of advanced research methodology to marketing issues.

Personnel and Employment Relations

Courses Equivalent to Prerequisites: The satisfactory completion of a course or courses equivalent in content to one stated as a prerequisite will fulfill that prerequisite.

PER 815. Human Resources Management. (5) Prerequisite: none. This course provides a survey of the field of human resources management. Topics covered include human resources planning, recruitment, selection, performance evaluation, training and development, compensation, and labor relations.

PER 820. Evolution of Thought and Practice in Personnel and Employment Relations. (5) Prerequisite: none. This course examines the origins of the fields of personnel management and employment relations, the evolution of thought and practice in the two fields from the early twentieth century to the present time, and the new ideas, practices, and public policies that represent the leading-edge of thought. Emphasis is given to both classic works of the past and highly acclaimed writings of the present.

PER 821. Negotiation and Dispute Resolution. (5) Prerequisites: BA 841 or Mgt 401 or Psy 402. This course is designed to provide an understanding of the theory of negotiation, conflict, and complaint handling, especially as practiced within the corporation and in other institutions. It is intended to be applicable to a broad spectrum of dispute and complaint problems faced by managers and professionals. The content is applicable to anyone who will negotiate agreements, face "people problems" in any aspect of work life, or be exposed to complaints or grievances arising out of the employment relationship.

PER 823. Legal and Ethical Environment of Personnel and Employment Relations. (5) Prerequisite: none. This course introduces the student to the legal and ethical environment in which organizations function. This environmental approach will present an overview of the legal system and will choose examples of its development and operation from the area of employment relations law. Students with an interest in personnel and employment relations will review the various laws which affect the employment relationship.

PER 829. Applied Research Methods in Personnel and Employment Relations. (5) Prerequisites: BA 804 or equivalent; PER 815. CSP: 1, 4. This course provides a comprehensive review of research methods applicable to the practice of personnel and employment relations. Examples of topics covered include: data collection and analysis; criterion development; measuring effectiveness at the individual, group, and organizational level; and survey design, development, and analysis.

PER 838. Directed Readings in Personnel and Employment Relations. (1-5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor, good academic standing.

PER 841. Collective Bargaining. (5) Prerequisite: PER 820 or consent of instructor. The course examines the legal and organizational framework of collective bargaining; the subject matter of collective bargaining; the process of labor-management negotiation; alternative methods of dispute resolution, such as strikes, arbitration, and mediation; and contemporary issues in collective bargaining, such as labor-management cooperation.

PER 843. Human Resources Recruitment and Selection. (5) Prerequisite: PER 835. This course focuses on the personnel recruitment and selection functions of organizations. Topics covered include recruitment, organizational choice, job analysis, validation, laws pertaining to equal employment opportunity, interviewing, testing, and organizational socialization. Both the theoretical foundations of the recruitment and selection functions as well as the practical application of these activities are presented.

PER 847. Compensation Management. (5) Prerequisite: PER 815; Ec 822 or BA 821. This course examines the theory and practice of compensation management in organizations and the impact of alternative compensation systems on employee performance. Topics covered include job evaluation, determination of a wage and salary structure, different systems of pay delivery, executive compensation, and effective administration of compensation.

PER 849. Job Analysis and Performance Management. (5) Prerequisite: PER 815. This course focuses upon the principles and issues surrounding the design, implementation and administration of effective performance management systems. The first part of the course is devoted to the practice of job analysis; the second part uses information from job analysis to design a performance management system. Particular emphasis is given to participative management techniques and their impact upon individual and organizational effectiveness.

PER 890. Field Research in Personnel and Employment Relations. (5) Course is to be taken within the last 15 hours of program. Prerequisites: PER 815; PER 841 or PER 843; PER 847. CSP: 1, 2, 4. The course is a two-quarter directed research project on a set of predetermined human resource management issues conducted within a sponsoring organization. Students work in small groups to design and implement a study to resolve a real business problem. Groups present their solutions to executives of sponsoring organizations and to GSU faculty.

PER 899. Strategic Human Resources Management. (5) Course is to be taken within the last 15 hours of program. Prerequisite: PER 815. The course examines human resources management from the perspective of the business organization's strategic planning process. Topics covered include the fundamentals of strategic management, the impact of human resource policies and practices on the performance of business organizations, and the role of the human resources professional in the formulation and implementation of an organization's strategic plan.

PER 980. Seminar in Personnel Management. (5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor. This course provides doctoral students with an in-depth review of the research literature in personnel management. Topics such as the history and development of personnel management, job analysis, employee recruitment and selection, performance appraisal, compensation, and the legal environment of personnel management are examined. Emphasis in the course is given to issues of theory and research methodology.

PER 990. Seminar in Industrial Relations. (5) Prerequisite: consent of instructor. This course provides doctoral students with an in-depth review of the research literature in industrial relations. Topics such as union growth and decline, alternative forms of employee representation, current developments in collective bargaining, and public policy toward unions are examined. Emphasis is given to coverage of classic works in the field and recent books and journal articles that illustrate the latest advances in both theory and research methods.

Real Estate

Courses Equivalent to Prerequisites: The satisfactory completion of a course or courses equivalent in content to one stated as a prerequisite will fulfill that prerequisite.

RE 802. Management of Real Estate Assets. (5) Prerequisite: Fi 330 or consent of instructor. CSP: 1, 2, 3. This course is a study of the private enterprise process of creating and managing value in real estate assets. It includes these topics: researching, planning, and administering the property development; identifying and negotiating with credit sources that have appropriate asset preferences given constraints of mortgage markets, capital markets, and money markets; specifying equity investment parameters of risk and return as impacted by the federal income tax structure and the selection of entity; and tenant/lease negotiations and other aspects of investment management and asset management.

RE 803. Real Estate Financing. (5) Prerequisite: RE 802. CSP: 1, 2, 3. This course examines the topics of legal, economic, institutional, and strategic elements of the real estate financing process, including both residential and income property financing instruments, techniques, and macro-market problems.

RE 804. Legal and Regulatory Environment of Real Estate. (5) (Same as LglS 840.) Prerequisite: none. This course deals with the basic legal concepts and legal instruments associated with real estate and with the legal and governmental environment within which the use and development of real estate are regulated. Attention is given to various kinds of regulations and to regulatory processes with emphasis upon decision making by the private sector to cope with these processes.

RE 805. The Physical Dimension of Real Estate. (5) Prerequisite: none. This course is a review of the real estate development process focusing on the physical/design dimension. It examines building economy through review of design, construction, and analysis procedures such as site suitability analysis, cost engineering, and life cycle costing.

RE 806. Applied Real Estate Market Analysis. (5) Prerequisite: RE 802. CSP: 1, 2, 3. This course examines the topics of local economic analysis, residential location theory, housing market analysis, retail location theory, and retail trade area analysis. In addition, it introduces the topics of primary and secondary data analysis as they pertain to housing and retail market analyses.

RE 807. Quantitative Analysis for Real Estate. (5) Prerequisites: RE 802 and DSc 310. CSP: 1, 2, 3. This course is designed to meet the unique quantitative needs of the real property analyst who must often perform in a data-poor environment. Standard tools of quantitative analysis such as parametric statistical estimation and linear regression will be analyzed to determine their relevance to problems confronted in real estate analysis. However, the course will emphasize the tools not typically encountered in the business curriculum but of critical importance to real estate. Topics include nonparametric estimation, goodness-of-fit tests, mass appraisal, small sample regression, and modeling uncertainty.

RE 808. Real Property Project Planning and Development. (5) Prerequisites: RE 802, RE 804, and RE 806; or consent of instructor. CSP: 1, 2, 3. (Replaces RE 899) This course employs specific techniques of real property analyses and project planning to solve problems in real property projects. The student will utilize real estate financial and market analyses and physical and legal/regulatory aspects of real property to address specialized problems and solutions for real property projects. Selected topics deal with historic renovation, integration of public sector goals and constraints, sequencing/phasing of project activities, or other specialized problem situations in real property project planning.

RE 813. Corporate Real Estate. (5) Prerequisite: RE 802 or consent of instructor. CSP: 1, 2. This course is designed as an in-depth examination and analysis of the ways in which corporations (third-party fiduciaries) utilize real estate assets to meet their strategic business objectives. The course examines corporate strategic real estate planning functions and their role in an organization as well as institutional acquisitions, controls, facility planning and disposition of real estate assets. In addition, entrepreneurial development activities, including project planning, design and monitoring are covered. It also examines environmental issues and the economic impact and social responsibilities of the corporation on the local communities.

RE 821. Advanced Real Estate Market Analysis. (5) Prerequisite: RE 806. CSP: 1, 2, 3. This course examines the topics of location theory and market analysis for office, industrial, and hotel/motel land uses. Traditional topics of industrial location and land use theory are presented along with the economic analysis underlying demand and supply in these markets. In addition, topics of continuing interest such as plant closing issues, quality of life determination, data-base models, industrial performance standards and zoning, and location incentives are presented.

RE 838. Directed Readings in Real Estate. (1-5) Prerequisites: RE 802, RE 803, RE 804, RE 805, RE 806; and consent of instructor, good academic standing.

RE 840. Advanced Real Estate Investment Analysis. (5) Prerequisite: RE 802 or consent of instructor. CSP: 1, 2, 3. The course provides for advanced application of theory and techniques for analysis of the equity position in real estate ownership utilizing cases. It considers the impact of leverage, creative financing, and federal tax policies and concentrates on the evaluation of the basic productivity of real estate assets based on net cash flows. Particular attention is given to federal and state securities regulations. Laws affecting REIT's, partnerships, as well as proprietorships and corporations, are studied in detail. The use of joint ventures and other forms of syndication are considered, using computer models to simulate the investments. SEC registration and state securities law compliance are studied by way of actual public underwritings.

RE 841. Advanced Valuation Theory, Practice, Methods. (5) Prerequisite: RE 802 or consent of instructor. CSP: 1, 2, 3. This course concentrates on the valuation of real estate and stresses market, cost, and income approaches to valuation as well as underlying theory and practice. Instruction is provided in residential appraisal and the principles of income forecasting, capitalization and mortgage-equity analysis of real estate investments.

RE 842. Seminar in Advanced Appraisal Practice. (5) Prerequisite: RE 841 or consent of instructor. CSP: 1, 2, 3. The course considers the theory and evolution of valuation methods in real estate. A primary concern is the selection of a valuable theory which produces an ethical valuation estimate as needed by the great variety of clients, e.g., buyers, sellers, investors, lenders, government, insurers, etc. An examination is made of the role of the appraiser as an expert witness and counselor in condemnation. Appraising properties such as churches, medical clinics, industrial parks, motels, service stations, etc. may be considered. Farm properties, vacant land, and combination-use buildings are evaluated, as well as tax assessment problems and valuation in exchange and leasebacks. Each student is expected to use the case method to demonstrate appropriate principles and practices.

RE 860. Acquisition, Development and Management of Real Estate Assets in International Business. (5) Prerequisite: RE 802 or consent of instructor. This course studies the ownership, transfer, and use of real estate in an international context. Problems of site selection, brokerage, risk management, and asset maintenance in countries representing various political ideologies and differing stages of economic development are considered. Variables examined include systems of ownership, customs, the respective roles of public and private sectors, taxation, finance, development controls, development patterns, and market data. Selected examples are used to demonstrate the processes and risks involved in international transactions and investments in real estate.

RE 899. Studies in Site Planning and Project Development. (5) Replaced by RE 808.

RE 948. Research Seminar in Real Estate. (5) Prerequisites: RE 804, RE 821, RE 840. CSP: 1, 4. This course provides an analysis of research articles, monographs, and dissertations to evaluate the problem specification, data collection and analysis methods, and reliability and significance of the conclusions. Research techniques may include simulation, historical analysis, empirical analysis, philosophical inquiry, and the case study method. Students practice skills needed to fulfill the dissertation requirement and to produce scholarly journal articles.

RE 949. Research Seminar in Real Estate Investment and Finance. (5) Prerequisites: RE 802, RE 803, DSc 882, DSc 884, and DSc 886; or consent of instructor. This course is designed to familiarize students with current research issues in real estate investment and finance using quantitative analysis, model selection, statistical analysis and estimation. Topic areas include but are not limited to real estate securitization, mortgage-backed securities, asset pricing models and real estate cycles.

Risk Management and Insurance

Courses Equivalent to Prerequisites: The satisfactory completion of a course or courses equivalent in content to one stated as a prerequisite will fulfill that prerequisite.

RMI 800. Risk Management and Insurance. (5) Prerequisite: none. CSP: 1, 6. The individual, family, business entity, and society all are exposed to accidental loss events that may have a significant bearing on their financial security. Risk management is the process of identifying, analyzing, controlling, financing, and monitoring these loss exposures. Insurance, a vital risk-financing technique that effectively allocates the financial burden of these losses, is examined as an integral part of the risk management process.

RMI 801. Individual Life and Health Insurance. (5) Prerequisite: RMI 800 or RMI 805 or consent of instructor. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course covers the nature and importance of life and health insurance risks and the functions and uses of individual life and health insurance in treating these risks. The perspective is that of broad-based financial planning, including the integration of tax, accounting, and legal aspects from both the individual's and the business' viewpoints. Techniques for evaluating life insurance and annuities are covered, along with a review of the legal aspects of these insurances.

RMI 802. Property Risk Management and Insurance. (5) Prerequisite: RMI 800 or RMI 805 or consent of instructor. CSP: 1, 6. This course is designed to analyze commercial property loss exposures and the insurance coverages designed for these exposures. Property risk management techniques other than insurance are also considered.

RMI 803. Liability Risk Management and Insurance. (5) Prerequisite: RMI 800 or RMI 805 or consent of instructor. CSP: 1, 6. This course is designed to analyze major liability loss exposures and the insurance coverages designed for these exposures. Liability risk management techniques other than insurance are also considered.

RMI 804. Risk Analysis and Control. (5) Prerequisites: Mgt 350, BA 862. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course is designed to acquaint the student with the nature of risk management and the role of the risk manager in business or governmental organizations. Emphasis is given to the risk analysis and control functions: recognition, measurement, and treatment of pure risks; risk financing options; and decision making under conditions of uncertainty. Cases and computer analyses are utilized.

RMI 805. Personal Financial Planning. (5) Prerequisite: Fi 330. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course introduces the student to the concept of total personal financial planning. The focus is on asset and income protection, capital accumulation, retirement planning, and estate planning. The integration of the various elements into a comprehensive plan will be emphasized.

RMI 810. Insurance Law. (5) (Same as LglS 810.) Prerequisite: none. CSP: 1, 6. A study of the legal concepts and doctrines applicable to the field of insurance. Basic legal problems of the principal branches of insurance are dealt with including fire, marine, casualty, and life insurance.

RMI 813. Employee Benefit Planning. (5) Prerequisite: Mgt 350. CSP: 1, 6. The course involves the analysis of social and group insurance systems designed to alleviate the financial problems arising from disability, medical treatment, death, and unemployment. Primary emphasis is focused on design, tax, and administrative characteristics as they relate to employer-sponsored benefit programs.

RMI 814. Property and Liability Insurer Operations and Regulation. (5) Prerequisites: RMI 800, BA 862. CSP: 1, 2, 6. A detailed analysis of the operations of property and liability insurers, including marketing, underwriting, ratemaking, claims adjustment, and other phases of insurer operations. The regulatory environment is also explored. A computer model of an insurance company is used to illustrate the relationships between the various phases of insurer operations and regulation.

RMI 815. Pension Planning. (5) Prerequisites: BA 812, Mgt 350, CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course involves an analytical study of the characteristics and problems of the private approach for providing protection against the financial consequences of old age. Course emphasis is on the critical evaluation of effectiveness of plan design, with consideration given to cost, communications, taxation, collective bargaining and the interrelationship with social insurance programs. Both insured and noninsured funding instruments are considered, and programs are discussed from both the funding agency's and the employer's viewpoints.

RMI 816. Property and Liability Insurer Financial Analysis and Management. (5) Prerequisite: RMI 814. CSP: 1, 2, 4, 6. This is a functional course emphasizing the financial practices of property and liability insurers and the regulation of the financial and accounting aspects of insurance regulation. The close relationship of various insurer functions is emphasized, together with their administration in the socio-political-legal climate.

RMI 817. Life and Health Insurer Operations. (5) Prerequisites: RMI 801, BA 862. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course covers the operational activities and problems of life and health companies including organization, underwriting, marketing, investment, financial statement analysis, taxation, and actuarial functions. It also considers current general management issues facing the life insurance industry from both a domestic and an international perspective.

RMI 819. Health Care Financing. (5) Prerequisite: none. CSP: 1, 6. The course is an interdisciplinary approach to the techniques and problems of financing health care with emphasis on prepayment devices, including medical insurance benefit systems, Blue Cross-Blue Shield prepayment plans, independent prepayment plans and medical expense benefits through social insurance and social welfare programs. The effects of financing methods on the availability, quality and planning of health care also are explored.

RMI 820. Estate Planning. (5) Prerequisites: RMI 805 and Tx 822, or consent of instructor. CSP: 1, 2, 6. Planning the use of life insurance, lifetime gifts, life estates, trusts, different types of bequests in relation to income, gift and estate taxes requires knowledge and skill. The course is a study of the legal, tax, and human factors surrounding the efficient transferal of property.

RMI 838. Directed Readings in Risk Management and Insurance. (1-5) Prerequisite: consent of a graduate adviser in the Department of Risk Management and Insurance, good academic standing. CSP: 1, 6.

RMI 850. Advanced Studies in Risk Management and Insurance. (5) Prerequisites: RMI 800 and at least two other 800-level RMI courses, or consent of instructor. CSP: 1, 6. This course is designed for the supervised study and investigation of specific topics and problems in the field of risk management and insurance. Topics will vary with the professional goals and interests of the student.

RMI 852. Advanced Studies in Personal Financial Planning. (5) Prerequisites: RMI 805, RMI 820. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course is designed as a capstone course for students concentrating in personal financial planning. The emphasis is on the formulation and implementation of the comprehensive personal financial plan. Professional standards and communication skills are also stressed.

RMI 870. International Risk and Insurance. (5) Prerequisite: RMI 800 or consent of instructor. CSP: 1, 6. This course is a study of the way risk is managed and insurance markets are structured internationally. The objective is to gain an understanding of different risk management approaches and insurance market structures internationally through an examination of relevant economic, social, regulatory and other environmental influences.

RMI 910. Theory of Risk and Insurance. (5) Prerequisite: consent of a graduate adviser in the Department of Risk Management and Insurance. CSP: 1, 2, 6. A study of the generalized concept of risk and the alternative methods of risk accommodation from the viewpoint of the individual and businessman. Special consideration is given to the theory of insurance and its proper utilization relative to risk.

RMI 925. Reading Seminar in Risk and Insurance. (5) Prerequisite: consent of a graduate adviser in the Department of Risk Management and Insurance. CSP: 1, 2, 6.

Taxation

Courses Equivalent to Prerequisites: The satisfactory completion of a course or courses equivalent in content to one stated as a prerequisite will fulfill that prerequisite.

Tx 803. Tax Research. (5) Prerequisite: Ac 451 with a minimum grade of "C." Ac 452 recommended. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course is a study of tax law sources, tax research methodology, and research documentation.

Tx 804. Tax Practice and Procedures. (5) Prerequisites: Ac 452 with a minimum grade of "C," and Tx 803. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course is designed for persons preparing for a tax practitioner career. Subject matter for study is selected to amplify conceptual and technical knowledge at an advanced level of study of the techniques and procedures used by the various tax administrative bodies. The course also provides study opportunities to enhance the practitioner's skills and abilities in dealing with the tax administrative bodies. While some aspects of the course deal with state and local tax administrative bodies, heavy emphasis in the course is placed on procedure and practice techniques at the federal level.

Tx 808. Taxation of Partnerships and Partners. (5) Prerequisites: Ac 452 with a minimum grade of "C," Tx 803. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course is a study of tax law relating to partnerships and partners.

Tx 810. Taxation of Property and Securities Transactions. (5) Prerequisites: Ac 452 with a minimum grade of "C," Tx 803. CSP: 1, 2, 6. A study of the income tax consequences of transactions relating to purchase, sale or exchange of property and securities including alternative tax strategies in real property ventures for financing, developing and dispositions.

Tx 812. Taxation of Corporations and Shareholders. (5) Prerequisites: Ac 452 with a minimum grade of "C," Tx 803. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course is a study of the concepts and principles of tax law relating to corporations and the shareholders. The course emphasizes corporate formation, capital structure, distributions, redemptions, liquidations, and the "S" election.

Tx 814. Tax Aspects of Corporate Reorganizations and Liquidations. (5) Prerequisite: Tx 812. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course is a study of income tax laws relating to the liquidation of corporations and to corporate reorganizations. Course emphasis is on the tax consequences to parties involved in reorganizations and liquidations, including individual shareholders, and to judicial doctrines relevant to reorganizations.

Tx 815. Taxation of Pension, Profit-Sharing, and Deferred Compensation Plans. (5) Prerequisites: Ac 452 with a minimum grade of "C," Tx 803. CSP: 1, 2, 6. A study of income tax laws relating to pension, profit-sharing, and deferred compensation plans as such laws affect employers, employees, self-employed individuals and fiduciaries.

Tx 818. Current Topics in Taxation. (5) Prerequisites: Ac 452 with a minimum grade of "C," Tx 803. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course is a study of the contemporary issues in taxation. Subject matter for study will be selected based upon current and proposed legislation in the area of taxation. The course also provides an opportunity to study and discuss new tax material.

Tx 820. Income Taxation of Estates and Trusts. (5) Prerequisites: Ac 452 with a minimum grade of "C," Tx 803. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course is a study of the federal income tax laws as they relate to estates, trusts, and beneficiaries.

Tx 822. Estate/Gift Taxation and Estate Planning. (5) Prerequisites: Ac 452 with a minimum grade of "C," Tx 803. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course is a study of federal estate and gift tax laws involved in intervivos and testamentary transfers of property. Additionally, the course focuses on estate planning techniques.

Tx 827. State and Local Taxation. (5) Prerequisites: Ac 452 with a minimum grade of "C," Tx 803. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course examines current issues in state and local taxation. The interaction of federal tax law with the various state and local tax laws also is examined.

Tx 828. Functional Analysis of U.S. Taxing Systems. (5) Prerequisites: Ac 452 with a minimum grade of "C," Tx 803. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course is a functional analysis of the impact of government decisions on the practice of tax accounting in the United States. The course is specifically intended to provide the accounting student with a foundation in the "history" of U.S. taxing systems and an understanding of how that knowledge should be used to address the practical problems encountered by professional tax advisers.

Tx 830. International Aspects of Taxation. (5) Prerequisites: Ac 452 with a minimum grade of "C," Tx 803. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course is a study of income tax consequences of foreign income to U.S. taxpayers and of U.S. income to foreign businesses and individuals.

Tx 839. Directed Readings in Taxation. (1-5) Prerequisites: Ac 452 with a minimum grade of "C," Tx 803, consent of instructor. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course will allow the supervised study of a specialized area not provided in the regular curriculum or to provide a supervised study of a topical area of varied length, i.e., one to five hours. An arrangement must be made with a full-time faculty member to sponsor a student's research.

Tx 840. Taxation and Business Management Decisions. (5) Prerequisites: Ac 452 with a minimum grade of "C," Tx 803. CSP: 1, 2, 6. A management decision course giving special recognition to the tax effects of alternative business decisions and actions.

Tx 851. Issues in Individual Taxation. (5) Prerequisites: Ac 452 with a minimum grade of "C," Tx 803. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course is an advanced study of federal income taxation as it relates to the individual taxpayer. Emphasis is placed on identification of tax issues, analysis of court decisions, and planning techniques to reduce tax liability.

Undergraduate Foundation Courses

Descriptions of other undergraduate courses which are prerequisites to graduate courses and/or are equivalents to 600-level or foundation courses can be found in the GSU General Catalog. Copies of that catalog are available from the GSU Bookstore (3rd floor University Center, 404/651-2155).

NOTE: Graduate students who receive a grade lower than "C" in any undergraduate accounting course may repeat that course but may not enroll in any other accounting course until a grade of "C" or higher is earned in that course.

Ac 201. Principles of Accounting I. (5) Prerequisite: none. CSP: 1. This course provides an introduction to accounting as a device for reporting business activity. The underlying principles of accounting are studied in addition to the construction and interpretation of financial statements.

Ac 202. Principles of Accounting II. (5) Prerequisite: Ac 201, minimum grade of "C." CSP: 1. This course includes the study of accounting for debt and owners' equity financing of a business and the utilization of accounting information in business management decisions as illustrated by such areas as budgeting, cost control, and reporting cost-volume-profit analysis and price level changes.

Ac 403. Financial Reporting and Analysis I. (5) Prerequisite: Ac 202, minimum grade of "C." CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course covers financial accounting and reporting concepts as well as concepts of financial analysis at the intermediate level. Focus is on the accounting process, income measurement and current assets.

Ac 404. Financial Reporting and Analysis II. (5) Prerequisite: Ac 403, minimum grade of "C." CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course is a continuation of Ac 403, providing intermediate-level coverage of additional current assets, noncurrent assets, liabilities, owners' equity and earnings per share.

Ac 405. Financial Reporting and Analysis III. (5) Prerequisite: Ac 404, minimum grade of "C." CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course completes the intermediate-level coverage of financial accounting addressing leases, pensions, income tax accounting, accounting changes and cash flows. In addition, the course covers basic governmental and not-for-profit accounting.

Ac 421. Cost/Managerial Accounting. (5) Prerequisite: Ac 202, minimum grade of "C." CSP: 1, 2, 3, 4. This is an introductory course devoted to discussing methods of internal accounting and the role of the modern management accountant.

Ac 431. Accounting Information Systems. (5) Prerequisites: Ac 421, BA 201, both with minimum grades of "C." CSP: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. This course covers the concepts and techniques of modern systems work that are normally required by accountants in both public and private practices. The accountant frequently participates in systems development activities, in the design and evaluation of internal controls, and in the auditing of business systems. EDP systems, along with their inherent ramifications involving controls and auditing, are stressed throughout the course.

Ac 451. Federal Income Taxation I. (5) Prerequisite: Ac 202, minimum grade of "C." CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course is an introduction to federal income taxation. Specific provisions of the Internal Revenue Code covered include the basic tax model, tax computations, filing status, personal exemptions, gross income, business and personal deductions, tax credits, property transactions, passive activity losses, and the alternative minimum tax.

Ac 452. Federal Income Taxation II. (5) Prerequisite: Ac 451, minimum grade of "C." CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course continues the study of the Internal Revenue Code begun in Federal Income Taxation I and surveys the income tax treatment of the following: corporations and shareholders, partnerships and partners, S corporations, and other taxable entities. The course includes a limited coverage of tax research techniques.

Ac 461. Auditing. (5) Prerequisite: Ac 405 and Ac 431, minimum grades of 'C'. CSP: 1, 2, 4. This course is a study of the principles of internal and independent auditing, the criteria for the establishment of internal controls, and the effect of these controls on examinations and reports.

AS 421. Mathematical Theory of Statistics I. (5) Prerequisite: Math 212. Binomial, Poisson, Normal, other probability distribution functions; statistical frequency functions, means, standard deviations, and moments of probability distribution and frequency functions; probability and frequency distributions in two variables; simple and multiple correlation and regression; sampling and sampling errors of means; proportions and percentages; sampling distributions including the chi-square, F, and "Student's" distribution tests of significance; point estimation; confidence limits.

AS 422. Mathematical Theory of Statistics II. (5) Prerequisite: AS 421. A continuation of AS 421.

AS 430. Theory of Interest. (5) Prerequisite: Math 215. Topics include measurement of interest, accumulation and discount, forces of interest and discount, equations of value, annuities, perpetuities, amortization and sinking funds, yield rates, bonds and securities, depreciation, depletion and capitalized costs.

BA 395. Managerial Communication. (5) Prerequisites: Eng 111, Eng 112, Phil 241, Spch 150. This course applies the principles of organizational communication to various media and their use in the business world. The emphasis throughout is on development and practice of specific communication skills, with special attention to the realities of the business environment and the use of audience analysis, weighing of objectives, and choice of communicative strategies. The majority of class time is devoted to writing and formal presentations, but the course also covers telephone skills as well as listening, negotiating, meeting management, and other small group communications topics. Case studies and in-class exercises play a large role in the course.

BA 498. Strategic Management. (5) Prerequisites: completion of the entire junior business core; completion of four upper-level major courses. CSP: 1, 2. This is a capstone course in the College of Business Administration and is required of all seniors. The course integrates subject matter from the business core courses and other disciplines. This course focuses on integrated approaches to medium and long-term organizational challenges in a dynamic environment. Students will develop skills in, and appreciation of, the role of all managers in the formulation and implementation of organizational strategies. A computer simulation involving teams of students from different functional backgrounds is a major part of the instructional design.

CIS 321. End User Applications Programming. (5) Prerequisite: BA 201. CSP: 1. This course provides an introduction to the assisting of end users of computer systems in developing their own special purpose applications. The emphasis in the course is on acquiring programming skills in one fourth-generation language and one interactive third-generation language. These skills are required in order to develop the technical capability to assist end users. Topics covered include: End user computing versus traditional systems development; Rapid Application Development; Prototyping; Fundamentals of the Paradox Application Language (PAL); Fundamentals of the Visual Basic Programming Language.

CIS 322. Introduction to Programming in COBOL. (5) Prerequisite: BA 201. CSP: 1. Replaces CIS 304. This course will introduce program design and file processing as practiced in the application of computers to business data processing. Common business programming topics such as data validation, report program design, control breaks, table processing, file sorting, and sequential-file update will be presented. The programming language COBOL will be used as a vehicle for the presentation of processing techniques.

CIS 326. Introduction to Programming in C/C++. (5) Prerequisite: BA 201. CSP: 1. This course provides an introduction to programming using the C and C++ languages. Emphasis is placed upon the development of efficient, well-structured programs that are easy to maintain. Topics include problem analysis, program design, documentation, testing and debugging. Basic features of the C and C++ programming languages such as data types, control structures, functions, pointers, and strings. Transfer credit is not granted for this course.

CIS 328. Object-Oriented Programming in C++. (5) Prerequisite: CIS 326. CSP: 1. This course introduces the object-oriented approach to problem solving, program design, coding and testing using an object-oriented programming language, C++. Topics covered include object-oriented analysis and design, encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism.

DSc 310. Introduction to Business Statistics. (5) Prerequisite: Math 122. CSP: 1, 2. The emphasis in this course is on fundamentals of statistical data analysis and information processing for decision making, including descriptive statistics, variation, and inference. The use of computers for statistical data processing is practiced throughout the course.

DSc 312. Generalized Modeling Techniques with Applications. (5) Prerequisites: DSc 310, BA 201. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This course provides a frame of reference for using models in support of decision making in an enterprise, then introduces some of the most commonly useful modeling approaches and principles. Topics covered include model components, deterministic simulation, time series and causal forecasting, decision analysis, and Monte Carlo simulation. The course emphasizes hands-on application of the techniques using commonly available software.

DSc 422. Management Support Systems. (5) Prerequisites: DSc 402, DSc 412, and DSc 413. CSP: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6. In this course the students function in decision-making teams within a complex business simulation game. A team is supported by a specific decision support system that is customized and maintained by the team. Students also develop supplementary support models, write user documentation of models, and present written and oral reports of decision strategies.

Ec 201. Principles of Macroeconomics. (5) Prerequisite: Math 104 or Math 105. This course analyzes the overall performance of economic systems including output and employment levels, inflation, economic growth, international finance, and the effects of monetary and fiscal policies.

Ec 202. Principles of Microeconomics. (5) Prerequisite: Math 104 or Math 105. This course is a systematic study of the functions of markets and prices in the production and distribution of goods and includes economic analysis of international trade, public finance, labor markets, monopoly, and poverty.

Ec 350. Money and Credit. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 201. Monetary theory, finance, banking and the Federal Reserve System; monetary and fiscal policies; the impact of money and fund flows upon business decisions and economic activity.

Ec 390. Macroeconomics. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 201. This course deals with income measurement and with the monetarist and neo-Keynesian theories of income, prices, inflation, output, money, and supply problems.

Ec 391. Microeconomics. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 202. This course considers theoretical analysis pertaining to production, value distribution, competitive and monopolistic pricing, and the purpose and limitations of models.

Ec 447. Industrial Organization and Government Policy Toward Business. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 202. The theory of government regulatory and antitrust policies and their effects on the competitive performance of the economy and the behavior of individual firms and industries.

Fi 330. Corporation Finance. (5) Prerequisites: Ac 201, Ac 202, Ec 202. CSP: 1, 2, 6. This is an introductory course in the financial management of nonfinancial corporations and the role of interest rates and capital markets in the economy. Topics include the structure and analysis of financial statements, time value of money calculations (using financial calculators), stock and bond valuation, financial forecasting, valuation of income-producing physical assets, determination of the cost of capital and the profitability of proposed investments in fixed assets, risk-return tradeofffs that must be considered in using financial leverage, and methods used in obtaining funds from the various capital markets. This course is taught mainly through lectures and class class discussions of textual materials and problems.

Fi 429. Corporate Asset Selection and Management. (5) Prerequisite: Fi 330. CSP: 1, 2, 4, 6. This course considers the fundamental principles underlying the selection of assets by nonfinancial firms in the perspective of shareholder value creation. One main focus is the economic analysis of cash flows arising from short-term and long-term assets. This develops the foundation of capital budgeting. A second emphasis of the course is integration of the management of the firm's current asset and current liability position. This develops the foundation of working capital management. Also, models of individual asset and current liability optimization are considered. Reliance is placed on a variety of vehicles, including case studies, lectures, and group projects. Assigned readings from the finance literature provide background material.

Fi 430. Corporate Capital Structure. (5) Prerequisite: Fi 330, DSc 310. CSP: 1, 2, 4, 6. This course focuses on the fundamentals of determining and evaluating corporate capital strategies. Topics considered will include financial structure, cost of capital, dividend policy, market imperfections, signalling, information asymmetries, and valuation. These financing topics will be combined with the investment strategies to yield an integrated view of the impact of financing and investing on firm value. Models of leverage and dividend/reinvestment policies will be developed. Situational analysis in the classroom will draw upon the background of readings from the professional literature and from lectures.

LglS 300. Legal and Ethical Environment of Business. (5) Prerequisite: none. This course is designed to provide the prospective business manager with a background of the legal environment as it pertains to profit and/or nonprofit organizations along with consideration of the social and political influences as they affect such organizations. This course should create an awareness of the social and moral responsibilities of business through a study of the rule of law by the courts, regulatory activities of legislative bodies, administrative agencies and executive departments, and the legal framework in which business functions.

Mgt 350. Management Concepts, Theory, and Practice. (5) Prerequisite: none. This course is concerned with the study of management theory and practice and their impact on the performance and development of organizations. It covers a number of important topics, such as the functions of management in the organizational environment, decision theory and techniques, operations management, communications, leadership, human resource management, and organizational development and change, and it examines their effect on productivity and performance.

Mgt 401. Introduction to Organizational Behavior. (5) Prerequisite: Mgt 350. This course describes and analyzes the growth, development, and application of behavioral science to industrial society. Emphasis is placed upon an understanding of the social, psychological, and cultural aspects of the work situation using behavioral patterns as the basic unit of observation. Attention is focused upon such topics as industrial sociology, organization, social control, personnel psychology, and industrial social psychology.

Mgt 470. Operations Management. (5) Prerequisites: Mgt 350, DSc 312. CSP: 1. This course provides an introduction to the concepts underlying production and operations management. Such topics as inventory control, production control, quality control, work measurement, production methods, and facilities will be covered. The topics covered will be integrated using a systems approach to the operations of an organization.

Mgt 471. Operations Planning and Control. (5) Prerequisite: Mgt 470 or consent of instructor. CSP: 1. A problem-oriented course in production and operations management combining the case method with computer technology. Emphasis is placed on developing an integrative approach to formulating and solving in-depth operations planning and control problems.

Mgt 472. Design and Improvement of Operating Systems. (5) Prerequisite: Mgt 470 or consent of instructor. Design and analysis for improving operations. Emphasis is on the study of organizational policies and programs for insuring continuing productivity improvements. Topics include organizational planning and improvement programs, equipment investment analysis, facilities design, job design, time data, and wage incentive plans.

Mgt 474. Production/Operations Strategy. (5) Prerequisite: Mgt 470. This course addresses the development and implementation of production/operations strategy and the integration of this strategy with the corporate/business strategies and with those of other functional areas. Topics include planning and implementation of operations strategies, organizational design for operations, productivity improvement, and the implementation of production planning and control systems.

Mgt 476. Statistical Quality Assurance. (5) (Same as DSc 476.) Prerequisite: DSc 310. CSP: 1, 2, 3. This course provides the business student with a set of skills for achieving and maintaining quality assurance and process or service control. The course emphasizes the strategic importance of quality, statistical process control methods, techniques for design of experiments, problem-solving tools for quality assurance, and the management of quality. Cases and computer exercises reinforce the basic concepts and principles.

Mk 301. Basic Marketing. (5) Prerequisite: Ec 202. This course provides a comprehensive overview of the marketing process for goods, services, and ideas. The course is taught from a marketing management and decision-making perspective. Topics such as the organization's environment, marketing research, and buyer behavior are discussed as the context in which marketing plans and strategy are formulated. In addition, the marketing decision elements, product, distribution, promotion and price, are examined. Finally, topics such as international marketing, services marketing and nonprofit marketing are explored as special cases.

Mk 490. Marketing Problems. (5) Prerequisite: completion of 20 quarter hours in marketing courses including Mk 301, Mk 410 and Mk 420, or consent of instructor. Replaces Mk 498. CSP: 1, 2, 3. The full scope of marketing management will be integrated in this course. Means for developing complete marketing programs will be presented. Students will get the opportunity to use their knowledge of marketing principles as major marketing problems are discussed and analyzed, and decisions are made.

Math 104. College Algebra. (5) Prerequisite: high school algebra I and algebra II. Algebraic techniques; coordinate geometry; algebraic and rational functions; relations; linear systems; complex numbers.

Math 122. Survey of Calculus. (5) Prerequisite: Math 104. Differential and integral calculus of selected real-valued functions of one and several variables with applications.

Math 126. Precalculus. (5) Prerequisite: three years of high school mathematics including algebra I and algebra II, or Math 104, or departmental approval. Functions including trigonometric functions, matrices, linear programming, and combinatorics.

Math 211-212. Calculus of One Variable I and II. (5 each) Prerequisite: Math 126. Limits, continuity; differentiation; definition of the integral; Fundamental Theorem of Calculus; exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions; techniques of integration; applications.

Math 214. Intermediate Calculus. (5) Prerequisite: Math 212. Infinite series and sequences; L'Hopital's Rule, Taylor's Theorem, improper integrals, vector calculus, applications.

Math 215. Multi-Variable Calculus. (5) Prerequisite: Math 212. Real-valued functions of several variables, limits, continuity, differentials, directional derivatives, partial derivatives, chain rule, multiple integrals, applications.

Math 447. Introduction to Statistical Methods. (5) Prerequisite: a course in calculus. Data analysis, sampling, and probability; standard methods of statistical inference, including t-tests, chi-square tests, and nonparametric methods. Applications include use of a statistical computer package.

Math 448. Methods of Regression and Analysis of Variance. (5) Prerequisite: a course in calculus and a course covering methods of statistical inference. Simple and multiple regression, model selection procedures, analysis of variance, simultaneous inference, design and analysis of experiments. Applications include use of a statistical computer package.

Phil 373. Business Ethics. (5) Examination of moral issues in business: social responsibility; employee obligations and rights; ethics and the professions; e.g., accounting; marketing and advertising practices; the environment. Issues in both domestic and international areas will be discussed.